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Rajiv Gandhi
Rajiv Ratna Gandhi (20 August 1944 – 21 May 1991) was the 6th Prime Minister of
India, serving
from 1984 to 1989. He took office after the 1984 assassination of his mother, Prime Minister Indira
Gandhi, to become
the youngest Indian Prime Minister at the age of 40.Gandhi was a scion of the politically powerful Nehru–Gandhi family, which had been associated with the Indian National Congress party. For much of his childhood, his
maternal grandfather Jawaharlal
Nehru was
Prime Minister. Gandhi attended college in the United Kingdom. He returned to
India in 1966 and became a professional pilot for the state-owned Indian
Airlines. In 1968
he married Sonia
Gandhi; the
couple settled in Delhi to a domestic life with their children Rahul
Gandhi and Priyanka Gandhi Vadra. For much of the 1970s, his mother Indira
Gandhi was
prime minister and his brother Sanjay
Gandhi (earlier
Sanjay) an MP; despite this, Rajiv Gandhi remained apolitical. After Sanjay's
death in an aeroplane crash in 1980, Gandhi reluctantly entered politics at the
behest of Indira. The following year he won his brother's Parliamentary seat
of Amethi and became a member of the Lok
Sabha—the lower
house of India's Parliament. As part of his political grooming, Rajiv was made
a general secretary of the Congress party and given significant responsibility
in organising the 1982
Asian Games.
Childhood & Early Life
· Rajiv Gandhi was born in Bombay on 20 August 1944 to Indira and Feroze Gandhi. In 1951, Rajiv and Sanjay were admitted to Shiv
Niketan school, where the teachers said Rajiv was shy and introverted, and
"greatly enjoyed painting and drawing".
· He was admitted to the Welham Boys' School and Doon School in 1954, where Sanjay joined him two years
later. Rajiv was sent to London in 1961 to study A-levels. From 1962 to 1965 he studied engineering at Trinity College, Cambridge, but did not obtain a
degree. In 1966 he began a course in mechanical engineering at Imperial College London, but did not complete it. Gandhi
really was not interested in ‘mugging for his exams’, as he went on to admit
later.
· Gandhi returned to India in 1966,
the year his mother became Prime Minister. He went to Delhi and became a member
of the Flying Club, where he was trained as a pilot. In 1970, he was employed
as a pilot by Air India; unlike Sanjay, he did not exhibit any interest of
joining politics.
· In 1968, after three years
of courtship, he married Edvige Antonia Albina Màino, who changed her name to Sonia
Gandhi and made India her home. Their first child, a son, Rahul Gandhi was born in 1970. In 1972, the couple had a
daughter, Priyanka Gandhi, who married Robert Vadra.
Career
·
Gandhi's younger brother Sanjay died in an aeroplane crash on
23 June 1980. At that time, Rajiv Gandhi was in London as part of his foreign
tour. Hearing the news, he returned to Delhi and cremated Sanjay's
body. In the week following Sanjay's death, Shankaracharya Swami Shri
Swaroopanand, a saint from Badrinath, visited the family's house to offer his
condolences. He advised Rajiv not to fly aeroplanes and instead
"dedicate himself to the service of the nation".
·
On 4 May, Indira Gandhi presided over a meeting of the All India Congress
Committee. Vasantdada Patil proposed Rajiv as a
candidate for the Amethi
constituency, which was accepted by all members at the meeting. A week
later, the party officially announced his candidacy for the constituency. He
then paid the party membership fees of the party and flew to Sultanpur to file his nomination
papers and complete other formalities.
·
On 31 October 1984, the Prime Minister, Gandhi's mother
Indira Gandhi, was assassinated by her Sikh bodyguards, which led to violent
riots against Sikhs. At a Boat Club rally 19 days after the assassination,
Gandhi said, "Some riots took place in the country following the murder of
Indiraji. We know the people were very angry and for a few days it seemed that
India had been shaken. But, when a mighty tree falls, it is only natural that
the earth around it does shake a little".
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Major
Works
·
Rajiv Gandhi was in West Bengal on 31 October 1984 when his
mother, Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, was assassinated by two of her Sikh
bodyguards, Satwant Singh and Beant Singh, to avenge the military attack on
the Golden Temple during Operation Blue Star. Sardar Buta Singh and
President Zail Singh pressed Rajiv to succeed his mother as Prime Minister
within hours of her murder.
·
After his swearing-in as Prime Minister, Gandhi appointed his
fourteen-member cabinet. He said he would monitor their performance and would
"fire ministers who do not come to the mark". From the Third Indira Gandhi ministry, he removed two powerful figures;
Finance Minister Pranab Mukherjee and Railway Minister A. B. A. Ghani Khan Choudhury. Mohsina Kidwai became the Minister of Railways; she was the only
female figure in the cabinet.
·
Gandhi's first action as Prime Minister was passing the anti-defection law in January 1985. According
to this law, an elected Member of Parliament or legislative assembly could not
join an opposition party until the next election. Historian Manish Telikicherla
Chary calls it a measure of curbing corruption and bribery of ministers by
switching parties so they could gain majority.
·
In 1986, by request of the President of Seychelles France-Albert René, Gandhi sent India's navy
to Seychelles to oppose an attempted coup against René. The
intervention of India averted the coup. This mission was codenamed as Operation Flowers are Blooming.
Awards
and Achievements
·
In 1991 the Indian government posthumously awarded Gandhi
the Bharat Ratna, the country's highest civilian award. At the India
Leadership Conclave in 2009, the Revolutionary Leader of Modern India award
was conferred posthumously on Gandhi.
Personal
Life & Legacy
·
Gandhi remained Congress President until the elections in 1991. While campaigning for the
elections, he was assassinated by a suicide bomber from the
LTTE. His widow Sonia became the president of the Congress party in 1998 and
led the party to victory in the 2004 and 2009 parliamentary elections. His son
Rahul is a Member of Parliament and Vice President of the Congress.
·
Rajiv Gandhi's last public meeting was on 21 May 1991,
at Sriperumbudur, a village approximately 40 km (25 mi) from Madras, where he was assassinated while campaigning for the
Sriperumbudur Lok Sabha Congress candidate.
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