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A.P.J Abdul kalam
Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam
better known as A. P. J. Abdul Kalam , was the 11th President of India from 2002 to 2007. A career scientist turned statesman, Kalam was born
and raised in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, and studied physics and aerospace
engineering. He spent the next four decades as a scientist and science
administrator, mainly at the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and was intimately involved
in India's civilian space programme and military missile development efforts. He thus came to be known as the
Missile Man of India for his work on the development of ballistic missile and launch vehicle technology. He also played a pivotal
organisational, technical, and political role in India's Pokhran-II nuclear tests in 1998, the first
since the original nuclear test by India in 1974.
Childhood & Early Life
· Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam was born on 15 October 1931 to a Tamil
Muslim family in the pilgrimage centre of Rameswaram on Pamban
Island, then in the Madras
Presidency and now in the State of Tamil Nadu.
· His father Jainulabdeen was a boat owner and imam of a local mosque; his mother Ashiamma was a housewife.
· By his early childhood, Kalam's family had become poor; at an early age,
he sold newspapers to supplement his family's income.
· In his school years, Kalam had average grades but was described as a
bright and hardworking student who had a strong desire to learn. He spent hours
on his studies, especially mathematics.
· He narrowly missed achieving his dream of becoming a fighter pilot, as
he placed ninth in qualifiers, and only eight positions were available in the IAF.
Career
· After graduating from the Madras Institute of Technology in 1960, Kalam joined the Aeronautical Development Establishment of the Defence Research and Development Organisation (by Press Information Bureau,
Government of India) as a scientist after becoming a member of the Defence Research & Development Service (DRDS).
· He started his career by designing a
small hovercraft, but
remained unconvinced by his choice of a job at DRDO.
· Kalam was also part of the INCOSPAR committee working
under Vikram Sarabhai, the
renowned space scientist.
· In 1969, Kalam was transferred to the
Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) where he was the project director of India's first Satellite
Launch Vehicle (SLV-III) which successfully deployed the
Rohini satellite in near-earth orbit in
July 1980; Kalam had first started work on an expandable rocket project
independently at DRDO in 1965.
· In 1969, Kalam received the
government's approval and expanded the programme to include more engineers.
· Between the 1970s and 1990s, Kalam
made an effort to develop the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) and SLV-III projects, both of
which proved to be successful.
· His research and educational
leadership brought him great laurels and prestige in the 1980s, which prompted
the government to initiate an advanced missile programme under his directorship.
· In 1998, along with cardiologist Soma Raju, Kalam developed a low cost coronary stent, named
the "Kalam-Raju Stent". In 2012, the duo designed a rugged tablet
computer for health care in rural areas, which was named the "Kalam-Raju
Tablet".
Awards & Achievements
· Kalam served as the 11th President of
India, succeeding K. R. Narayanan. He won
the 2002 presidential election with an electoral vote of 922,884, surpassing the 107,366 votes won by Lakshmi Sahgal. His term
lasted from 25 July 2002 to 25 July 2007.
· Kalam became the 11th president of
the Republic of India in an easy victory, and moved into the Rashtrapati Bhavan after he was sworn in on 25 July.
· Kalam was the third President of
India to have been honoured with a Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian
honour, before becoming the President. Dr Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan (1954) and Dr Zakir Hussain (1963) were the earlier recipients
of Bharat Ratna who later became the President of India.
· He was also the first scientist and
the first bachelor to occupy Rashtrapati Bhawan.
· In May 2012, Kalam launched a
programme for the youth of India called the What Can I Give Movement, with a
central theme of defeating corruption.
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Personal Life & Legacy
· He was extremely close to his elder
siblings and their extended families throughout his life, and would regularly
send small sums of money to his older relations, himself remaining a lifelong
bachelor.
· Kalam was noted for his integrity and
his simple lifestyle. He never owned a television, and was in the habit of
rising at 6:30 or 7 a.m and sleeping by 2 a.m. His few personal possessions
included his books, his veena, some
articles of clothing, a CD player and a laptop; at his death, he left no will,
and his possessions went to his eldest brother, who survived him..
· On 27 July 2015, Kalam travelled to Shillong to
deliver a lecture on "Creating a Livable Planet Earth" at the Indian Institute of Management Shillong. While climbing a flight of stairs,
he experienced some discomfort, but was able to enter the auditorium after a
brief rest. At around 6:35 p.m. IST, only five minutes into his lecture,
he collapsed.
· Despite being placed in the intensive care unit, Kalam was confirmed dead of a
sudden cardiac arrest at 7:45
p.m IST. His last words, to his aide Srijan Pal Singh, were
reportedly: "Funny guy! Are you doing well?"
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