John Maynard Keynes

John Maynard Keynes, 1st Baron Keynes (5 June 1883 – 21 April 1946), was a British economist whose ideas fundamentally changed the theory and practice of macroeconomics and the economic policies of governments. He built on and greatly refined earlier work on the causes of business cycles, and is widely considered to be one of the most influential economists of the 20th century and the founder of modern macroeconomics. His ideas are the basis for the school of thought known as Keynesian economics and its various offshoots.

Childhood & Early Life

· John Maynard Keynes was born in Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, England, to an upper-middle-class family. His father, John Neville Keynes, was an economist and a lecturer in moral sciences at the University of Cambridge and his mother Florence Ada Keynes a local social reformer. Keynes was the first born, and was followed by two more children – Margaret Neville Keynes in 1885 and Geoffrey Keynes in 1887. Geoffrey became a surgeon and Margaret married the Nobel Prize-winning physiologist Archibald Hill.

· In 1897, Keynes won a scholarship to Eton College, where he displayed talent in a wide range of subjects, particularly mathematics, classics and history. At Eton, Keynes experienced the first "love of his life" in Dan Macmillan, older brother of the future Prime Minister Harold Macmillan.

· Despite his middle-class background, Keynes mixed easily with upper-class pupils. In 1902 Keynes left Eton for King's College, Cambridge, after receiving a scholarship for this also to read mathematics. Alfred Marshall begged Keynes to become an economist, although Keynes's own inclinations drew him towards philosophy – especially the ethical system of G. E. Moore. Keynes joined the Pitt Club and was an active member of the semi-secretive Cambridge Apostles society, a debating club largely reserved for the brightest students.

Career

· In October 1906, Keynes's Civil Service career began as a clerk in the India Office. He enjoyed his work at first, but by 1908 had become bored and resigned his position to return to Cambridge and work on probability theory, at first privately funded only by two dons at the university – his father and the economist Arthur Pigou.

· The British Government called on Keynes's expertise during the First World War. While he did not formally re-join the civil service in 1914, Keynes travelled to London at the government's request a few days before hostilities started. Bankers had been pushing for the suspension of specie payments – the convertibility of banknotes into gold – but with Keynes's help the Chancellor of the Exchequer (then Lloyd George) was persuaded that this would be a bad idea, as it would hurt the future reputation of the city if payments were suspended before it was absolutely necessary.

· Keynes's experience at Versailles was influential in shaping his future outlook, yet it was not a successful one for him. Keynes's main interest had been in trying to prevent Germany's compensation payments being set so high it would traumatise innocent German people, damage the nation's ability to pay and sharply limit her ability to buy exports from other countries – thus hurting not just Germany's own economy but that of the wider world.

· Keynes had completed his A Treatise on Probability before the war, but published it in 1921. The work was a notable contribution to the philosophical and mathematical underpinnings of probability theory, championing the important view that probabilities were no more or less than truth values intermediate between simple truth and falsity.

· During the Second World War, Keynes argued in How to Pay for the War, published in 1940, that the war effort should be largely financed by higher taxation and especially by compulsory saving (essentially workers lending money to the government), rather than deficit spending, in order to avoid inflation.

Nadi Astrology in Bangalore, Online Nadi Astrology in Bangalore, Nadi Astrology in Karnataka, Online Nadi Astrology in Karnataka, Online Nadi Astrology TiruchirappalliTamil Nadu, Online Nadi Jothidam TiruchirappalliTamil Nadu, Online Nadi Jyotish TiruchirappalliTamil Nadu, Online Nadi Shashtra TiruchirappalliTamil Nadu, Online Nadi Jyothish TiruchirappalliTamil Nadu, Online Nadi Josiyam TiruchirappalliTamil Nadu, Online Nadi Consultation TiruchirappalliTamil Nadu, Online Nadi Thumb Impression Astrology TiruchirappalliTamil Nadu, Online Ola Josiyam TiruchirappalliTamil Nadu, Online Talagiri Josiyam TiruchirappalliTamil Nadu, Nadi Astrology TiruchirappalliTamil Nadu, Nadi Jothidam TiruchirappalliTamil Nadu, Nadi Jyotish TiruchirappalliTamil Nadu, Nadi Shashtra TiruchirappalliTamil Nadu, Nadi Jyothish TiruchirappalliTamil Nadu, Nadi Josiyam TiruchirappalliTamil Nadu, Nadi Consultation TiruchirappalliTamil Nadu, Nadi Thumb Impression Astrology TiruchirappalliTamil Nadu, Ola Josiyam TiruchirappalliTamil Nadu, Talagiri Josiyam TiruchirappalliTamil Nadu, Astrology TiruchirappalliTamil Nadu, Online Siva Nadi Astrology TiruchirappalliTamil Nadu, Online Shiva Nadi Astrology TiruchirappalliTamil Nadu, Online Nadi Jothidam TiruchirappalliTamil Nadu, Online Agasthiya Nadi Astrology TiruchirappalliTamil Nadu, Online Agasthiyar Nadi Astrology TiruchirappalliTamil Nadu, Siva Nadi Astrology TiruchirappalliTamil Nadu siva Nadi Astrology TiruchirappalliTamil Nadu, Nadi Jothidam TiruchirappalliTamil Nadu, Agasthiya Nadi Astrology TiruchirappalliTamil Nadu, Agasthiyar Nadi Astrology TiruchirappalliTamil Nadu, Best Online Nadi Astrology TiruchirappalliTamil Nadu, Famous Online Nadi Astrology TiruchirappalliTamil Nadu, Popular Online Nadi Astrology TiruchirappalliTamil Nadu, Online Generation Nadi Astrology, Genuine Online Nadi Astrology TiruchirappalliTamil Nadu, Best Nadi Astrology TiruchirappalliTamil Nadu, Famous Nadi Astrology TiruchirappalliTamil Nadu, Popular Nadi Astrology TiruchirappalliTamil Nadu, Genuine Nadi Astrology TiruchirappalliTamil Nadu, Generation Nadi Astrology TiruchirappalliTamil Nadu, Vaitheeswaran Koil Nadi Astrology TiruchirappalliTamil Nadu, Vaitheeswaran Koil Nadi Astrology TiruchirappalliTamil Nadu, Vaitheeswaran Koil Nadi Astrology Online, Vaitheeswaran Koil Nadi Jothidam Online, Vaitheeswaran Koil Sivanadi Astrology Online, Vaitheeswaran Koil Shivanadi Astrology Online, Vaitheeswaran Koil Sivanadi Jothidam Online, Vaitheeswaran Koil Shivanadi Jothidam Online, Vaitheeswaran Koil Agasthiya Sivanadi Astrology Online, Vaitheeswaran Koil Agasthiya Nadi Astrology Online, Vaitheeswaran Koil Naadi Astrology Online, Online Naadi Astrology Vaitheeswaran Koil, Online Astrology Nadi, Online Astrology Naadi, Nadi Astrology, Nadi Jothidam, Nadi Josyam, Nadi Jothish, Nadi Jyotish

Major Works

· From the end of the Great Depression to the mid-1970s, Keynes provided the main inspiration for economic policy makers in Europe, America and much of the rest of the world.While economists and policy makers had become increasingly won over to Keynes's way of thinking in the mid and late 1930s, it was only after the outbreak of World War II that governments started to borrow money for spending on a scale sufficient to eliminate unemployment.

· In the late 1930s and 1940s, economists (notably John Hicks, Franco Modigliani, and Paul Samuelson) attempted to interpret and formalise Keynes's writings in terms of formal mathematical models. In what had become known as the neoclassical synthesis, they combined Keynesian analysis with neoclassical economics to produce neo-Keynesian economics, which came to dominate mainstream macroeconomic thought for the next 40 years.

Personal Life & Legacy

· Keynes had been in relationships while at Eton and Cambridge; significant among these early partners were Dilly Knox and Daniel Macmillan.

· In 1921, Keynes wrote that he had fallen "very much in love" with Lydia Lopokova, a well-known Russian ballerina and one of the stars of Sergei Diaghilev's Ballets Russes.

· Keynes was interested in literature in general and drama in particular and supported the Cambridge Arts Theatre financially, which allowed the institution, at least for a while, to become a major British stage outside London.

· Keynes was ultimately a successful investor, building up a private fortune. His assets were nearly wiped out following the Wall Street Crash of 1929, which he did not foresee, but he soon recouped. At Keynes's death, in 1946, his net worth stood just short of £500,000 – equivalent to about £11 million ($16.5 million) in 2009.

Guruji. A. Sivaguru Swamy

Whatsapp Skype IMO 9963334337 Facetime 9346346956

Skype – sivaguruswamy29

45/2, Opp.Railway Station, Sirkali Tq, Vaitheeswaran Koil,

Naagai Dist, Tamilnadu–609 117

Email – sivaguruswamy1@gmail.com

Our Bangalore Branch Office :

House No.20, Nagamma Layout, Kullappa Circle, Nehru Main Road,
Near Om Shakthi Temple, Bangalore, Karnataka - 560084.

Mob : +91 - 99633 34337

http://www.sivanadi.com

http://vaitheeswarankoilnadiastrologer.com

http://vaitheeswarankoilnadi.com

http://vaitheeswarantemple.com

http://vaitheeswarantemplenadiastrology.com

http://www.chennainadiastrology.com

http://www.nadiastrologytamilnadu.com
http://www.indiannadiastrology.com
http://www.nadiastrologyhyderabad.com
http://www.nadiastrologytelangana.com
http://www.nadiastrologyandhrapradesh.com

Click Here to See the Map & Directions

Click Here to See us at YOUTUBE

Online Nadi Astrology Service Available @ 24x7

Vaitheeswaran Koil Nadi Astrology | Nadi Astrology

John Maynard Keynes

Comments

Popular posts from this blog

Online Kagabujandar Nadi Vaitheeswaran Koil