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M. Visvesvaraya
Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya, (popularly known
as Sir MV; 15 September 1861 – 12 April 1962) was an Indian
engineer, scholar, statesman and the Diwan of Mysore from 1912 to 1918. He
received India's highest honour, the Bharat Ratna, in 1955. He was knighted as a Knight Commander of the British Indian Empire (KCIE) by King George V for his contributions to the public good. 15 September
is celebrated as Engineer's Day in India in his memory. He is held in high regard as a
pre-eminent engineer of India. He was the chief engineer responsible for the
construction of the Krishna Raja Sagara dam in Mandya district as
well as the chief designer of the flood protection system for the city of Hyderabad.
Childhood
& Early Life
·
Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya was born on 15 September 1861 in
a Telugu Brahmin family, to Mokshagundam Srinivasa Shastry
and Venkatalakshmamma in Muddenahalli village, Chikkaballapura District(Bifurcated from Kolar District), Mysore State (now Karnataka), India. His father was a noted Sanskrit scholar.
·
His ancestors hailed from a village named
"Mokshagundam". It is a small village between Giddalur and Podili towns on State Highway 53
(Andhra Pradesh) in Prakasam district of Andhra Pradesh.
·
Visvesvaraya lost his father at the age of 12. He enrolled
for the primary school in Chickballapur and attended high school in Bangalore. He earned his Bachelor of Arts from Central College, Bangalore then an affiliate of the University of Madras in 1881 and later studied
civil engineering at the prestigious College of Engineering, Pune.
·
Visvesvaraya took a job with the Public Works Department
(PWD) of Bombay and was later invited to join the Indian Irrigation
Commission. He implemented an extremely intricate system of irrigation in
the Deccan area.
·
He also designed and patented a system of automatic weir
water floodgates that were first installed in 1903 at the Khadakvasla Reservoir
near Poona. These gates were employed to raise the flood supply level
of storage in the reservoir to the highest level likely to be attained without
causing any damage to the dam. Based on the success of these gates, the same
system was installed at the Tigra Dam in Gwalior and the Krishna Raja Sagara (KRS) Dam in Mandya/Mysore,
Karnataka.
Career
·
In 1906–07, the government of India sent him to Aden to study their water supply
and drainage system. The project prepared by him was implemented in Aden
successfully.
·
Visvesvaraya achieved celebrity status when he designed a
flood protection system for the city of Hyderabad. He was instrumental in developing a system to
protect Visakhapatnam port from sea erosion. Visvesvaraya supervised
the construction of the Krishna Raja Sagara Damon the Kaveri River from concept to inauguration. This dam created
the biggest reservoir in Asia when it was built.
·
He was called the "Father of modern Mysore State" (now Karnataka): During his service with the government of Mysore State, he was responsible for the founding of (under the
patronage of the Mysore government) the Mysore Soap Factory, the Parasitoid
Laboratory, the Mysore Iron & Steel Works (now known as Visvesvaraya Iron
and Steel Limited) in Bhadravathi, the Sri Jayachamarajendra
Polytechnic Institute, the Bangalore Agricultural University, the State Bank of Mysore, The Century Club, Mysore
Chambers of Commerce, University Visvesvaraya College of Engineering, Bangalore
and numerous other industrial ventures. He encouraged private investment in the
industry during his tenure as Diwan of Mysore.
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·
Joined service as Assistant Engineer in Bombay,
1885; served in Nasik, Khandesh and Poona;
·
services lent to Municipality of Sukkur in Sind,
1894: designed and carried out the water works of that Municipality, 1895;
·
Executive Engineer, Surat, 1896;
·
Assistant Superintending Engineer, Poona, 1897–99;
visited China and Japan, 1898;
·
Executive Engineer for Irrigation, Poona, 1899;
·
Sanitary Engineer, Bombay, and Member, Sanitary
Board, 1901; gave evidence before the Indian Irrigation Commission, 1901;
·
Designed and constructed automatic gates patented
by him at Lake Fife Storage Reservoir; introduced a new system of irrigation
known as the "Block System", 1903; represented the Bombay Government
at the Simla Irrigation Commission, 1904; on special duty, 1905;
·
Superintending Engineer, 1907; visited Egypt,
Canada. United States of America and Russia, 1908;
·
Services lent as Special Consulting Engineer,
Hyderabad, to supervise and carry out engineering works in connection with the Musi
floods, 1909;
·
Retired from British service, 1909;
·
Chief Engineer and Secretary to the Government of
Mysore, 1909;
·
Dewan of Mysore, P. W. and Railway Department,
1913;
·
Board of director of Tata Steel, 1927–1955.
Major
Work
·
After opting for voluntary retirement in 1908, he took
a foreign tour to study industrialised nations and after, for a short period he
worked for the Nizam of
Hyderabad, India. He suggested flood relief measures for
Hyderabad town, which was under constant threat of floods by Musi river.
Later, during November 1909, Visvesvaraya was appointed as Chief Engineer of Mysore State. Further, during the year, 1912,
he was appointed as Diwan (second Minister) of the princely state of Mysore. He was Diwan for 7 years.
·
With the support of Krishnaraja
Wodeyar IV, Maharaja of Mysore, Visvesvaraya made good
contribution as Diwan to the all-round development of Mysore state. Not only
the achievements listed above, but many other industries and public works owe
their inception or active nurturing to him. He was instrumental in the founding
of the Government Engineering College at Bangalore in
1917, one of the first engineering institutes in India.
Awards
and Achievements
· Visvesvaraya was appointed a
Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire (CIE) in 1911. In 1915,
while he was the Diwan of Mysore, Visvesvaraya was knighted as a
Knight Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire (KCIE) by the British for
his myriad contributions to the public good. After India attained independence, he was awarded the nation's
highest honour, the Bharat Ratna, in 1955.
· Sir M.V. was awarded honorary
Membership of London Institution of Civil
Engineers. He was also awarded a fellowship of the Indian Institute of Science (based in Bangalore). He was awarded several honorary doctoral degrees including D.Sc., LL.D., D.Litt. from eight universities in India. He was president of
the 1923 Session of the Indian Science
Congress. He was the most popular person from Karnataka, in a newspaper survey
conducted by Prajavani.
Personal
Life & Legacy
· Visvesvaraya has received
recognition in various fields, most notably the education sector and the
engineering sector. Visvesvaraya
Technological University which is based in Belagavi, the University to
which most engineering colleges
in Karnataka are affiliated to, has been named in his honour, as
well as prominent colleges like University Visvesvaraya College of Engineering, Bangalore, Sir M. Visvesvaraya Institute of Technology, Bangalore and Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur. College of Engineering, Pune, his alma mater, has erected a
statue in his honour.
· The Visvesvaraya National Memorial
Trust manages a memorial of Visvesvaraya at his birthplace Muddenahalli. The
memorial exhibits his awards, titles and personal belongings, including his
living room, spectacles, cups, books and a block with which his visiting cards were printed. Models of
the Krishna Raja Sagar dam, which Visvesvaraya
designed and supervised the construction of, are also exhibited.
Guruji. A. Sivaguru Swamy
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