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Chittaranjan Das
Chittaranjan Das (C. R. Das) (popularly
called Deshbandhu "Friend of the country") (5 November 1869
– 16 June 1925) was a British Indian politician and Founder-leader of the Swaraj (Independence) Party in Bengal under British
rule.
Childhood
& Early Life
·
Chittaranjan Das was born
in a well-known Baidya-Brahmin Das family of Telirbagh, Bikrampur, Dhaka in Bengal, now part of Munshiganj District of Bangladesh.
Bikrampur has a long historical and cultural trail since many centuries.
·
In 12th Century it was the capital of Ballal
Sena and Lakshmana Sena, Kings of Sena dynasty and since then considered as an
important seat of learning and culture of Eastern India.
·
He was the son of Bhuban
Mohan Das, and nephew of the Brahmo social reformer Durga Mohan Das. Some
of his cousins were Atul Prasad Sen, Satya
Ranjan Das, Satish Ranjan Das, Sudhi Ranjan Das, Sarala Roy and Lady Abala Bose.
·
His eldest grandson
was Siddhartha Shankar Ray and his granddaughter is JusticeManjula Bose.
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Career
·
Educated in England, where he became a barrister, his public career began in 1909 when he
successfully defended Aurobindo Ghosh on
charges of involvement in the previous year's Alipore bomb case. In
his Uttarpara speech, Aurobindo gratefully acknowledged that Chittaranjan Das
broke his health to save him.
·
He was a leading figure
in Bengal during the Non-Cooperation Movement of 1919-1922, and initiated the ban on British clothes, setting an
example by burning his own European clothes and wearing Khadi clothes.
·
At one time, his clothes
were tailored and washed in Paris and he maintained a permanent laundry in
Paris to ship his clothes to Calcutta. He sacrificed all this luxury when he
became attached to the Freedom Movement.
·
He brought out a newspaper
called Forward and later changed its name to Liberty to
fight the British Raj. When
the Calcutta Municipal Corporation was formed, he became its first mayor. He was a believer in
non-violence and constitutional methods for the realisation of national
independence, and advocated Hindu-Muslim unity, cooperation and communal
harmony and championed the cause of national education.
·
He resigned his presidency
of the Indian National Congress at the Gaya session
after losing a motion on "No Council Entry" to Gandhi's faction. He then founded the Swaraj Party, with
veteran Motilal Nehru and
young Hussain Shaheed Suhrawardy, in 1923, to express his uncompromising opinion and position .
Major
Work
·
His legacy was carried
forward by his obedient disciples, and notably by Subhas Chandra Bose.
·
He is generally referred to
by the honorific Desh
Bandhu meaning "Friend of the nation". He was closely associated
with a number of literary societies and wrote poems, apart from numerous
articles and essays.
Personal
Life & Legacy
·
A few years before his
death Das gifted his house and the adjoining lands to the nation to be used for
the betterment of the lives of women. Today it is a huge hospital
called Chittaranjan Seva Sadan and has gone from being a women's
hospital to one where all specialties are present. The Chittaranjan Cancer
Hospital which was established in these premises in 1950 is now the Chittaranjan
National Cancer Institute.
·
He married Basanti Devi (1880
- 1974) and had three children, Aparna Devi (1898 - 1972), Chiraranjan Das
(1899 - 1928) and Kalyani Devi (1902 - 1983). Basanti Devi also plunged into
the freedom movement and was the first woman to court arrest with her
sister-in-law Urmila Devi in Non Cooperation movement in 1921.
·
In 1925, Das's health began
to fail due to overwork and in May he withdrew to "Step Aside", a
mountain home in Darjeeling,
where Mahatma Gandhi visited
him. On 16 June 1925 he died with a severe fever. A special arrangement was
made to bring his cortege by train to Calcutta.
·
The mountain home in
Darjeeling ('Step Aside') is now a Mother-and-Child Care Centre run by the
Government. A commemorial tower was erected at the Keoratala Mahasamsan
(Burning Ghat) where he was cremated and his death anniversary is regularly
observed here.
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