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Rani Gaidinliu
Gaidinliu (1915–1993) was a Naga spiritual and political leader who led a revolt against British rule in India. At the age of 13, she joined the Heraka religious movement of her cousin Haipou
Jadonang. The movement later turned into a political
movement seeking to drive out the British from Manipur and the surrounding Naga areas. Within the Heraka faith, she came to be considered an
incarnation of the Goddess Cherachamdinliu. Gaidinliu was arrested in 1932
at the age of 16, and was sentenced to life imprisonment by the British
rulers. Jawaharlal
Nehru met her at Shillong Jail in 1937, and
promised to pursue her release. Nehru gave her the title of "Rani"
("Queen"), and she gained local popularity as Rani Gaidinliu.
Childhood
& Early Life
·
Gaidinliu was born on 26
January 1915 at Nungkao (or Longkao) village in the present-day Tousem
sub-division of Tamenglong District, Manipur. She was from the Rongmei tribe (also known as Kabui). She was the fifth of eight children,
including six sisters and a younger brother, born to Lothonang Pamei and
Kachaklenliu. The family belonged to the ruling clan of the
village. She did not have a formal education due to the lack of schools in
the area.
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Career
·
In 1927, when she was just
13, Gaidinliu joined the Heraka movement of her cousin Haipou Jadonang, who
had emerged as a prominent local leader. Jadonang's movement was a revival of
the Naga tribal religion.
·
It also aimed to end the British rule and
establish the self-rule of the Nagas (Naga Raj). It attracted a number of
followers from the Zeliangrong tribes (the Zeme, Liangmai and Rongmei). With
the arrival of guns from Cachar, it turned into an armed rebellion against the British policies of
forced labour and ruthless oppression.
·
Persuaded by Jadonang's
ideology and principles, Gaidinliu became his disciple and a part of his
movement against the British. In three years, by the age of 16, she became a
leader of guerrilla forces
fighting against the British rulers.
·
She openly rebelled against
the British rule, exhorting the Zeliangrong people not to pay taxes. She
received donations from the local Nagas, many of whom also joined her as
volunteers. The British authorities launched a manhunt for her. She evaded
arrest by the police, moving across villages in what are now Assam, Nagaland
and Manipur.
·
The Governor of Assam dispatched
the 3rd and 4th battalions of the Assam Rifles against
her, under the supervision of the Naga Hills Deputy Commissioner JP Mills. Monetary rewards were declared for
information leading to her arrest: this included a declaration that any village
providing information on her whereabouts will get a 10-year tax break.
Major
Work
·
After the Interim Government of India was set up in 1946, Rani Gaidinliu was released on Prime Minister Nehru's orders from Tura jail, having spent 14 years in various
prisons. She continued to work for the upliftment of her people after her
release. She stayed at Vimrap village of Tuensang with her younger brother Marang till 1952. In 1952, she was
finally allowed to move back to her native village of Longkao. In 1953, Prime
Minister Nehru visited Imphal where Rani Gaidinliu met and conveyed to him the
gratitude and goodwill of her people. Later she met Nehru in Delhi to discuss the development and welfare of Zeliangrong people.
·
Gaidinliu was opposed to
the Naga National Council (NNC) insurgents, who advocated secessionism from India. Instead,
she campaigned for a separate Zeliangrong territory within the Union of India.
·
In 1966, after six years of
hard underground life in old age, under an agreement with the Government of India, Rani Gaidinliu came out from her jungle hideout to work for the
betterment of her people through peaceful, democratic and non-violent means.
She went to Kohima on 20 January 1966, and met the Prime Minister Lal Bahadur
Shastri in Delhi on 21 February 1966, demanding the creation of a separate
Zeliangrong administrative unit. On 24 September 320 of her followers
surrendered at Henima.
Personal
Life & Legacy
·
The Governor of Manipur, Chintamani Panigrahi, the Home Secretary of Nagaland, officials from Manipur and many people
from all parts of the North Eastern region attended
her funeral at her native village. In Imphal, the Chief Minister of Manipur R.K. Dorendro Singh, Deputy Chief Minister, Rishang Keishing and
others paid floral tributes and a general holiday was declared by the State Government.
·
Because of the Heraka
movement's hostility towards Christianity, Gaidinliu's heroics were not
acknowledged highly among the Nagas, most of whom had converted to Christianity
by the 1960s. The Naga nationalist groups
don't recognize her either, because she was considered close to the Government
of India. When the Hindu nationalist Sangh Parivar aligned
with the Heraka movement in the 1970s, the perception that she was a promoter
of Hinduism grew stronger among the Christian Nagas.
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