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V. P. Singh
Vishwanath Pratap Singh (25
June 1931 – 27 November 2008), was an Indian politician and government
official, the 7th
Prime Minister of India from 1989 to 1990. Singh is
known for trying to improve the lot of India's lower castes as a Prime
Minister.
Childhood
& Early Life
· Singh was in a Rajput zamindar family ruling the Manda
estate on 25 June 1931.[3] He obtained his education
from Colonel Brown Cambridge School, Dehra Dun and studied at Allahabad and Pune universities.
· Singh became a Member of the
Legislative Assembly of Uttar
Pradesh in 1969 as a member of the Congress Party. He got elected to the Lok Sabha
in 1971 and was appointed a Deputy Minister of Commerce by Prime Minister Indira
Gandhi in 1974. He served as the Minister of Commerce in 1976–77.
· He was appointed by Indira Gandhi
as the Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh in 1980, when Gandhi was re-elected
after the Janata interlude. As Chief Minister (1980–82), he cracked down
hard on dacoitry, a problem that was particularly severe in the rural districts
of the south-west Uttar Pradesh.
· He received much favorable
national publicity when he offered to resign following a self-professed failure
to stamp out the problem, and again when he personally oversaw the surrender of
some of the most feared dacoits of the area in 1983.
· He resumed his post as Minister of Commerce in 1983. Singh was
responsible for managing the coalition of the Left and BJP against Rajiv Gandhi
to dethrone him in the 1989 elections. He is remembered for the important role
that he played in 1989 that changed the course of Indian politics by becoming
the Prime Minister of India and making the backwards and Dalits eligible for
electoral politics.
Career
·
Called to New Delhi following Rajiv
Gandhi's mandate in the 1984 general election, Singh was appointed to the post
of Finance Minister in Tenth Cabinet of India, where he oversaw the gradual
relaxation of the License
Raj (governmental regulation) as Gandhi had in mind. During his term
as Finance Minister, he oversaw the reduction of gold smuggling by reducing
gold taxes and giving the police a portion of the confiscated gold.
·
He also gave extraordinary powers to the Enforcement Directorate of the Finance Ministry, the
wing of the ministry charged with tracking down tax evaders, then headed by
Bhure Lal. Singh’s efforts to reduce governmental regulation of business and to
prosecute tax fraud attracted widespread praise.
·
Together with associates Arun Nehru and Arif Mohammad Khan, Singh floated an opposition
party named Jan
Morcha. He was re-elected to Lok Sabha in a tightly contested by-election
from Allahabad, defeating Sunil Shastri.
·
On 11 October 1988, the birthday of the original Janata coalition's leader Jayaprakash Narayan, Singh founded the Janata
Dal by the merger of Jan
Morcha, Janata
Party, Lok
Dal and Congress (S), in order to bring together all
the centrist parties opposed to the Rajiv Gandhi government, and Singh was
elected the President of the Janata Dal.
·
The National Front fought 1989 General Elections after coming to an electoral
understanding with Bharatiya Janata Party and the Left parties (the
two main oppositions) that served to unify the anti-Congress vote. The National
Front, with its allies, earned a simple majority in the Lok Sabha and decided
to form a government.
·
The Bharatiya Janta Party under the leadeship of Atal Bihari Vajpayee and Lal Krishna Advani and the left parties such as
the Communist Party of
India (Marxist) and the Communist Party of India declined to serve in the
government, preferring to support the government from outside.
Major
Works
·
Singh held office for slightly less than a year, from 2
December 1989 to 10 November 1990. After state legislative elections in March
1990, Singh’s governing coalition achieved control of both houses of India’s
parliament. During this time, Janata Dal came to power in five Indian states
under Om Prakash Chautala (Banarsi Das Gupta, Hukam Singh), Chimanbhai Patel, Biju Patnaik, Laloo Prasad Yadav, and Mulayam Singh Yadav, and the National Front constituents
in two more NT Rama Rao, and Prafulla Kumar Mahanta.
·
Singh himself wished to move forward nationally on social
justice-related issues, which would in addition consolidate the caste coalition
that supported the Janata Dal in northern India, and
accordingly decided to implement the recommendations of the Mandal Commission which suggested that a fixed
quota of all jobs in the public sector be reserved for members of the
historically disadvantaged so-called Other Backward Classes.
·
VP Singh contested the new elections but his party was
relegated to the opposition chiefly due to the assassination of Rajiv Gandhi
(May 1991) during the election campaign, and he later retired from active
politics. He spent the next few years touring the country speaking about
matters related to issues of social justice and his artistic pursuits, chiefly
painting.
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Personal
Life & Legacy
· Singh was diagnosed with cancer in
1998 and ceased public appearances. When his cancer went into remission in
2003, he once again became a visible figure, especially in the many groupings
that had inherited the space once occupied by his Janata Dal. He relaunched the Jan Morcha in 2006 with
actor-turned-politician Raj Babbar as President.
· Singh married Princess Sita
Kumari, the daughter of the Raja of Deogarh-Madaria, Rajasthan, on 25 June
1955. It was an arranged marriage. He turned 24 on the day of the marriage, and
she was 18. Kumari was a Sisodia Rajput descended from Rana Pratap of Udaipur.
The couple had two sons, Ajeya Singh (born 1957), a chartered
accountant in New York, and Abhai Singh (born 1958), a doctor at the All India Institute of Medical
Sciences in New Delhi.
· V. P. Singh died after a very long
struggle with multiple myeloma (bone marrow cancer)
and renal failure at Apollo Hospital in Delhi on 27 November
2008. He was cremated at Allahabad on the banks of the River
Ganges on 29 November 2008, his son Ajeya Singh lighting the funeral pyre.
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