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Verghese Kurien
Verghese Kurien (26 November 1921 – 9 September 2012) known
as the Father of the White Revolution in India[2] was a social entrepreneur whose
"billion-litre idea", Operation
Flood - the
world's largest agricultural dairy development programme,made dairy farming
India's largest self-sustaining industry and the largest rural employment
provider, being a third of all rural income, with benefits of - raising
incomes & credit, riddance of debt dependence, nutrition, education, health,
gender parity & empowerment, breakdown of caste barriers and grassroots
democracy & leadership. It made India the world's largest milk
producer, surpassing the United States of America by 1998, with about 17
percent of global output in 2010–11, from a milk-deficient nation, which
doubled milk available per person and increased milk output four-fold, in 30
years.He pioneered the "Anand Pattern" of dairy cooperatives
and later, founded the National Dairy Development Board (NDDB) in 1965, to replicate this pattern
nationwide.It was based on Amul, his standalone cooperative then, and today India's largest food brand,
where 70-80% of the price paid by consumers went as cash to dairy farmers who
controlled the marketing, the procurement and the processing of milk and milk
products as the cooperative's owners, while hiring professionals for their
skills and inducting technology, in managing it.
Childhood & Early Life
· He was born on 26 November 1921
at Calicut, Madras Presidency (now Kozhikode, Kerala) in a Syrian
Christian family. He schooled at Diamond Jubilee Higher Secondary School
in Gobichettipalayam while his father worked as a civil surgeon at the
government hospital there.
· He joined Loyola College,
Madras (now, Chennai) at the age of 14, graduating in science with physics in
1940, and then got a bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering from the
College of Engineering, Guindy, Madras, in 1943.
· He had to fend for himself
as he was young for his age in every class. This, according to him developed
his sense of independence. He lost his father at 22 and his grand-uncle moved
his family to his home in Trichur (now Thrissur).
· A keen military cadet and a boxer
at college, when he wanted to join the army as an engineer, his mother
persuaded him to join the Tata Steel Technical Institute, Jamshedpur on a
recommendation to the management by his uncle, who was a director with the
Tatas, and from where he graduated in 1946, but soon found himself wanting to
get away from the hangers-on and yesmen of his uncle.
· So he left and applied for a
government of India scholarship, and much to his surprise and reluctance, was
chosen to study dairy engineering, but this time his uncle (by now, the finance
minister) refused to bail him out.
· He was thus, sent to the Imperial
Institute of Animal Husbandry in Bangalore (now, National Dairy Research
Institute, southern station, Bengaluru) where he spent nine months, and merely
bid time out to be sent to America. Here too, by choosing some dairying
electives, rather perfunctorily, at Michigan State University, he returned with
a master's degree in mechanical engineering (metallurgy) (with a minor in
nuclear physics), instead, in 1948.
Career
·
Rather than focusing directly on removing caste and class
conflicts which get entrenched as vested interests, instead, he worked
singularly on the belief that economic self-interest of all sections of the
village-society would make them align together to grow their cooperative. A key
invention at Amul, the
world's first, was the production of milk powder from the abundant
buffalo-milk, instead of from the conventional cow-milk, short in supply in
India.
·
He thus, got dairy farmers organised in the villages and
linked them directly to consumers in the market by eliminating middlemen,
ensuring them, a steady and a regular income even during the lean season, and a
better quality produce at a competitive price, to the consumer in the large
market of the reachable Bombay city, on a steady supply over well-paved village
"milk roads" and a 'cold-chain'. He surmounted adversity with his
indefatigable fighting spirit and outmaneuvering skills.
·
In 1949, Kurien was sent by the government of India to its
run-down, experimental creamery at Anand, in Bombay province (later Bombay state & now part
of Gujarat state since 1960), and began to work rather half-heartedly, to serve
out his bond-period against the scholarship given by them.
·
He and his mentor Tribhuvandas were backed by quite a few
political leaders and bureaucrats who saw merit in their pioneering cooperative
model, of farmers willing to associate together for their produce and willing
to be led by professionals even whilst being owners of the cooperative.
·
He was bold in dealing with donors like the UNICEF for aid, and confronted the New Zealand
government and a powerful lobby in countries which, he realised with some
foresight, wanted to "convert aid into trade" for their companies, at
a cross-purpose to his wanting India to convert aid to become self-made.
·
The Amul dairy's 'Anand
pattern' was replicated in Gujarat's districts around Anand and he
set all of them under Gujarat Co-operative Milk Marketing Federation Ltd.
(GCMMF) in 1973 to sell their combined produce under a single Amul brand.
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Major
Works
·
Kurien got his half a million member-farmers to contribute a
token two rupees each for the making of the movie. It struck a chord with the
audience when it was released in Gujarat in 1976. Truckloads of farmers came to
see "their film", making it a success at the box office, emboldening
distributors to release it before audiences nationwide.
·
Kurien's support was crucial in making, the 'Amul girl' ad campaign (advertising with a larger public
message), one of the longest running for decades now, and 'Surabhi', a TV series on Indian culture,
which used to fetch millions of postcards from viewers, weekly, one of the
longest running on national television.
Awards
and Achievements
·
1999 Padma Vibhushan
·
1997 Order of Agricultural
Merit
·
1993 International Person of the Year
·
1989 World Food Prize
·
1986 Wateler Peace Prize
·
1986 Krishi Ratna
·
1966 Padma Bhushan
·
1965 Padma Shri
·
1963 Ramon Magsaysay Award
Personal
Life & Legacy
· Kurien died after a brief spell of
illness aged 90 on 9 September 2012 at a Nadiad hospital, near Anand,followed by his wife a
few months later in Mumbai. She would say that he worked hard but never brought
work back home and was in bed by 9 pm, only to wake up in the dead of night to
catch the earliest morning flight after some road travel. Brought up a
Christian, Kurien later became an atheist, and was cremated. A daughter
and a grandson survive them.
· Kurien, who spent most of his life in Gujarat and gained the affection and the respect of its people, was unable to get any landlord to rent him a room when he first arrived in Anand, as besides being unable to speak the language of the place, he was "a bachelor, a non-vegetarian and a Christian"! He never spoke the language of the state despite understanding it later on, nor was he used to drinking milk.
Guruji. A. Sivaguru Swamy
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Our Bangalore Branch Office :
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