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V. V. Giri
Varahagiri Venkata Giri 10 August 1894 –
24 June 1980), commonly known as V. V. Giri, was the fourth President of India from 24 August 1969 to 24 August 1974.As
President, Giri was the only person to be elected as an independent
candidate. Giri was later succeeded by Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed as President in 1974. After the end of
his full term, Giri was honoured by the Government of India with the Bharat Ratna in 1975. Giri died on 24 June 1980.
Childhood & Early Life
· Giri was born in Berhampur Odisha, into a Telugu
Brahmin family. His father, V. V. Jogayya Pantulu, was a successful lawyer
and political activist of the Indian National Congress. Giri's mother
Subhadramma was active in the national movement in Berhampur during the Non Cooperation and Civil Disobedience Movementsand was arrested for leading a
strike for prohibitionduring the Civil Disobedience
Movement.
· Giri completed his initial
education at the Khallikote College in Berhampur. In 1913
he went to Ireland to study law which he did at University College Dublin and the Honourable
Society of King's Inns, Dublin between 1913–1916.
· Giri was one among the first crop
of thirteen Indian students who sat the obligatory year long course at UCD in
1914–15. This was a requirement for being called to the Irish Bar through study
at the King's Inns. In total, 50 Indian students studied at UCD between 1914
and 1917.
· Giri and a fellow law student also
enrolled to study on the full bachelor of arts course in UCD. Giri studied
English, where he was lectured by Thomas
MacDonagh, and Political Economy. His lecturer in political economy
was the reformer and co-operativist Thomas
A. Finlay SJ.
· Giri was active in both Indian and
Irish politics during his studies. Along with fellow Indian students he
produced a pamphlet documenting the abuse of Indians in South Africa. The
pamphlet was intercepted by Indian Political
Intelligence and resulted in increased police scrutiny of Giri and
his fellow students in Dublin.[10] Meanwhile, anonymous
articles were written by Indian students for the newspaper of the Irish
Volunteers and in The National Student, a UCD student
magazine.
· He was suspected of association
with prominent ring leaders in the 1916
Rising including James
Connolly, PH
Pearse and the young Éamon de Valera. Giri was called to the
Irish Bar on 21 June 1916 but he did not complete his studies for BA in
UCD. Indian students were subjected to police raids following the 1916
Rising and Giri recounts how he was served with one month's notice to leave
Ireland on 1 June 1916.
Career
·
Upon returning to India in 1916 Giri enrolled at the Madras
High Court. He also became a member of the Congress party,
attended its Lucknow session and joined the Home Rule Movement of Annie
Beasant. Giri abandoned a flourishing legal career in response to Mahatma
Gandhi's call for a Non-Cooperation Movement in 1920.
·
Giri was the Workers' Delegate of the Indian delegation at
the International Labour
Conference of the ILO in 1927. At the Second Round Table
Conference, Giri was present as a representative of the industrial
workers of India. Giri worked towards getting the trade unions to support
the freedom movement in India and was twice president of the AITUC which was
closely allied with the Indian National Congress.
·
Giri became a member of the Imperial Legislative Assembly in 1934. He remained
its member until 1937 and emerged a spokesman for matters of labour and trade
unions in the Assembly.
·
In the General Elections of 1936, Giri defeated the Raja of
Bobbili to become a member of the Madras Legislative Assembly. Between 1937–1939, he was
Minister for Labour and Industry in the Congress government headed by C
Rajagopalachari.
Major
Work
·
Between 1947 – 1951, Giri served as India's first High
Commissioner to Ceylon. In the General Elections of 1951, he
was elected to the 1st Lok Sabha from Pathapatnam Lok Sabha Constituency in the Madras State.
·
On being elected to Parliament, Giri was appointed
Minister of Labour in 1952. His policy initiatives as minister gave rise
to the Giri Approach in industrial dispute
resolution. The Giri approach emphasizes negotiations between the
management and workers as the means for resolving industrial disputes. It holds
that the failure of such negotiations should lead not to compulsory
adjudication but to further negotiations through conciliation officers.
·
Giri was sworn in as the second Governor of Kerala on
1 July 1960. As Governor, Giri's active voicing of Kerala's fiscal needs
with the Planning Commission led
to the state being allocated significantly more funds in the Third Five Year Plan. When
defections from the ruling Congress Party reduced the government to a minority,
Giri recommended the imposition of President's Rule in Kerala after determining
that an alternative government could not be formed.
·
The election of a new President became a contest
between the Prime Minister Indira Gandhi and the old guard of the Congress Party known as
the Syndicate.[64] The All India Congress Committee decided
to support Neelam Sanjiva Reddy as
the presidential candidate, disregarding the Prime Minister's opposition.
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Awards
and Achievements
· Giri was honoured with India's
highest civilian award, the Bharat Ratna, in 1975 for his contributions in
the area of public affairs. As President, Giri had suo motu conferred the Bharat Ratna
on Prime Minister Indira Gandhi in 1972. Giri was in turn conferred the
Bharat Ratna in 1975 on the recommendation of Prime Minister Gandhi, in an act
seen as a quid pro quo measure. Giri was the fourth of five of Presidents
of India to have been conferred the Bharat Ratna.
Personal
Life & Legacy
· Giri was sworn in as President of
India on 24 August 1969 and held office till 24 August 1974 when he was
succeeded by Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed. On his election, Giri
became the only President to have also been an Acting President and the only
person to be elected President as an independent candidate.
· A commemorative postage stamp on V.V Giri was released by
the Indian Posts and
Telegraphs Department in 1974. The National Labour Institute was renamed in honour of V.V
Giri in 1995. Giri's hometown of Berhampur has a major road, a secondary
training school and a market that are named after him.
· Giri died of a heart attack in Madras on 24 June 1980. He was
given a state funeral the next day and a week-long
mourning period was declared by the Government of India. Rajya Sabha, of which Giri
had been ex-officio chairman as Vice President of India, adjourned for two days
as a mark of respect to him.
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