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Kalpana Chawla
Kalpana Chawla (March 17, 1962 – February
1, 2003) was an Indian astronaut and the first woman of Indian origin in
space. She first flew on [[Space Shuttle] Columbia in 1997 as a mission
specialist and primary robotic
arm operator. In 2003, Chawla was one of
the seven crew members who died in the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster when the craft disintegrated during its re-entry into the Earth's
atmosphere. Chawla is a recipient of the Congressional Space Medal of Honor.
Childhood
& Early Life
·
Chawla was born on 17 March
1962, but her official date of birth was altered to 1 July 1961 to allow her to
become eligible for the matriculation exam.[5] As a
child, Kalpana liked to draw pictures of airplanes.
·
After getting a Bachelor of
Engineering degree in Aeronautical Engineering from Punjab
Engineering College, Chandigarh, she
moved to the United States in 1982 where she obtained a Master of Science
degree in Aerospace Engineering from the
University of Texas at Arlington in
1984.[8] Chawla
went on to earn a second Masters in 1986 and a PhD in aerospace engineering in 1988 from the University of Colorado Boulder.
Career
·
In 1988, she began working
at NASA, where she did computational fluid dynamics (CFD) research on vertical
and/or short take-off and landing (V/STOL) concepts.
In 1993, she joined Overset Methods, Inc. as Vice President and Research
Scientist specializing in simulation of moving multiple body problems.
·
Chawla held a Certificated
Flight Instructor rating for airplanes, gliders and Commercial Pilot licenses
for single and multi-engine airplanes, seaplanes and gliders. After
becoming a naturalized U.S. citizen in April 1991, Chawla applied for the NASA Astronaut Corps. She joined the corps in March 1995 and was selected for her first
flight in 1996.
·
Her first space mission
began on November 19, 1997, as part of the six-astronaut crew that flew
the Space Shuttle Columbia flight STS-87. Chawla was the first Indian-born woman and the second Indian person to
fly in space, following astronaut Rakesh Sharma who
flew in 1984 on the Soyuz T-11. She
spoke the following words while traveling in the weightlessness of space,
"You are just your intelligence".
·
In 2000, Chawla was
selected for her second flight as part of the crew of STS-107. This mission was repeatedly delayed due to scheduling conflicts and
technical problems such as the July 2002 discovery of cracks in the shuttle
engine flow liners. On January 16, 2003, Chawla finally returned to space
aboard Space Shuttle Columbia on the ill-fated STS-107 mission.
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Awards
& Achievements
·
Asteroid 51826
Kalpana chawla, one of seven named after
the Columbia's crew.
·
On February 5, 2003,
the Prime Minister of Indiaannounced that the meteorological series of satellites, MetSat, was to
be renamed "Kalpana". The first satellite of the series,
"MetSat-1", launched by India on September 12, 2002 was renamed
"Kalpana-1".
·
74th Street in Jackson Heights, Queens, New York City has
been renamed Kalpana Chawla Way in her honor.
·
The Kalpana Chawla
Award was instituted by the Government of Karnataka in 2004 to recognize young women scientists.
·
NASA has dedicated a
supercomputer to Chawla.
·
One of Florida Institute of Technology's student apartment complexes, Columbia Village Suites, has halls named
after each of the astronauts, including Chawla.
·
The NASA Mars Exploration Rover mission has named seven peaks in a chain of hills, named the Columbia Hills, after each of the seven astronauts lost in the Columbia shuttle
disaster. One of them is Chawla Hill, named after Chawla.
·
VIT University has
named one of its girl's hostel as Kalpana Chawla block.
·
Steve Morse from
the band Deep Purple created
the song "Contact Lost" in memory of the Columbia tragedy along with
her interest in the band. The song can be found on the album Bananas.
·
Novelist Peter David named
a shuttlecraft, the Chawla, after the astronaut in his 2007 Star Trek novel, Star
Trek: The Next Generation: Before Dishonor.
·
The Kalpana Chawla ISU
Scholarship fund was founded by alumni of the International Space University (ISU) in 2010 to support Indian student participation in
international space education programs.
·
The Kalpana Chawla
Memorial Scholarship program was instituted by the Indian Students
Association (ISA) at the University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP) in 2005 for meritorious graduate students.
Personal
Life & Legacy
·
Chawla died in the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster which occurred on February 1, 2003 when
the Columbia disintegrated over Texas during re-entry into the Earth's atmosphere, with the death of all of seven crew members, shortly before it was
scheduled to conclude its 28th mission, STS-107.
·
Chawla's remains were
identified along with the rest of the crew members and were cremated and
scattered at National Park in Utah in accordance with her wishes.
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