Jayalalithaa

Jayaram Jayalalithaawas an Indian actor turned politician who served six terms as the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu for over fourteen years between 1991 and 2016. From 1989 she was the general secretary of the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK), a Dravidian party whose cadre revered her as their Amma (mother), Puratchi Thalaivi (revolutionary leader) and Thanga Tharagai (golden maiden). Her critics in the media and the opposition accused her of fostering a personality cult, and of demanding absolute loyalty from AIADMK legislators and ministers who often publicly prostrated themselves before her.

Childhood & Early Life

·    Jayalalithaa was born on 24 February 1948 at Melukote, Pandavapura taluka, Mandya district, then in Mysore State (now Karnataka) to Jayaram and Vedavalli in a Tamil Brahmin (Iyengar) family.

·    Jayalalitha was given her grandmother's name Komalavalli at the time of birth.The name Jayalalitha was adopted at the age of one for the purpose of using the name in school and colleges.

·    Her maternal grandfather, Rangasamy Iyengar, moved to Mysore from Srirangam to work with Hindustan Aeronautics Limited. He had one son and three daughters – Ambujavalli, Vedavalli and Padmavalli. Vedavalli was given in marriage to Narasimhan Rengachary's son, Jayaram. The couple Jayaram-Vedvalli had two children: a son Jayakumar and a daughter, Jayalalitha. Her mother, her relatives and later co-stars and friends referred her as Ammu.

·     Jayalalitha remained under the care of her mother's sister Padmavalli and maternal grandparents from 1950 to 1958 in Mysore. While still in Bangalore, Jayalalithaa attended Bishop Cotton Girls' School.

·    After her aunt Padmavalli's marriage in 1958, Jayalalitha moved to Madras and began to live with her mother. She completed her education at Sacred Heart Matriculation School.

·    She was fluent in several languages, including Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Hindi, Malayalam and English.

·    She was fond of having dogs as her pets.But after death of Julie, a Spitz, in 1998 she could not bear loss of death of her pets and hence discontinued keeping pet dogs at her home.

Career & Later Life

·    In Chennai, Jayalalitha was trained in Carnatic music, western classical piano and various forms of classical dance, including Bharatanatyam, Kuchipudi, Mohiniyattam, Manipuri Kathak.

·    She learnt Bharatnatyam and dance forms under K.J.Sarasa.She had also learnt Kuchipudi under Padma Bhushan Guru Dr. Vempati Chinna Satyam.

·    While a child, Jayalalithaa acted in the Kannada-language film Sri Shaila Mahathme (1961), which had Rajkumar and Krishna Kumari in lead roles.

·    Jayalalithaa had forgotten all about films after acting in her Kannada debut film and had got ready to attend classes at Stella Maris as she had an ambition to be a lawyer.

·    She made her debut as the lead actress in Kannada films while still in school, age 15, in Chinnada Gombe (1964).

·    She made her debut in Tamil theatre in April 1964, when she played a sales girl in the drama named Undersecretary. Parthasarthy and Sandhya were the lead characters, while Jayalalitha and Cho Ramaswamy were paired together and A. R. Srinivasan was also involved. The play was based on the lives of middle aged couple and Jayalaitha played character of sales girl in the drama. Her performance caused Parthasarthy to make her lead heroine in a drama named Malathy.

·    She acted in one Hindi film called Izzat, with Dharmendra as her male costar in 1968.

·    She starred in 28 box-office hit films with M.G. Ramachandran between 1965 and 1973.[32] The first with MGR was B.R. Panthalu's Aayirathil Oruvan in 1965 and their last film together was Pattikaattu Ponnaiya in 1973.

·    Between 1965 and 1973, Jayalalithaa starred opposite M. G. Ramachandran in a number of successful films, including Aayirathil Oruvan, Kavalkaran, Adimai Penn, Engal Thangam, Kudiyirundha Koyil, Ragasiya Police 115 and Nam Naadu.

·    Her successful Kannada films include Badukuva Daari (1966), Mavana Magalu (1965), Nanna Kartavya (1965), Chinnada Gombe (1964) and Mane Aliya (1964).

·    She did many female-centric films where the story revolved on her character, such as Vennira Adai, Yaar Nee?, Kumari Penn, Nee, Gowri Kalyanam, Magaraasi, Muthu Chippi, Thanga Gopuram, Avalukku Ayiram Kangal, Annamitta Kai, Vandhaale Magaraasi, Suryagandhi, Thirumangalyam, Yarukkum Vetkam Illai, and Kanavan Manaivi.

Major Works and Political Career

·    Jayalalitha donated gold jewelleries she had to the then Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri during the 1965 Indo-Pak war.

·    From 1968-73, Jaya at peak of career took interviews and wrote columns in the magazines like Bommai.

·    She wrote a column-Ennanga Selar in magazine Tughlaq in the 1970s.

·    She wrote about her own life in a serialised memoir in the Tamil weekly magazine Kumudam.

·     In 1982, she joined the AIADMK, which was founded by MGR.

·    Indira Gandhi lauded Jayalalitha for the various speeches she made on issues including the one on internal security in Rajya Sabha. Jayalalithaa was elected to that body in 1984 and retained her seat until 1989. Her success in her role as propaganda secretary caused resentment among high-ranking members of the party.

·    In 1984, when MGR was incapacitated due to a stroke, Jayalalithaa was said to have attempted to take over the position of chief minister or the party on the pretext that his health would prevent him from the proper execution of his duties.

·    At the age of 41, Jayalalithaa entered the Assembly successfully contesting the subsequent 1989 elections on the basis of being MGR's political heir.

·    She was elected to the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly in 1989 as a representative of the Bodinayakkanur (State Assembly Constituency).

·    She became the first female, and the youngest, chief minister, of Tamil Nadu, to serve a full term, serving from 24 June 1991 to 12 May 1996.

·    Her administrative abilities were notable in her handling of events following the tsunami that hit Tamil Nadu on 26 December 2004. Jayalalithaa announced a Rs 153.37 crore relief package, divided into a general package and a separate one for fishermen. She announced that affected families would get Rs 1 lakh as compensation for every member lost, along with one dhoti, one sari, two bedsheets, 60 kg of rice, three litres of kerosene, and Rs 1,000 in cash for groceries and that furthermore, Rs 1,000 was to be given for purchase of utensils, Rs 2,000 so they could put up accommodation.

·    In April 2011, the AIADMK was part of a 13-party alliance that won the 14th state assembly elections. Jayalalithaa was sworn in as the chief minister of Tamil Nadu for the third time on 16 May 2011, having been elected unanimously as the leader of the AIADMK party subsequent to those elections.

·    The acquittal allowed her once again to hold office and on 23 May 2015, Jayalalithaa was sworn in[136] as Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu for the fifth time.

·    Jayalalithaa was again elected as Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu in the May 2016 elections. She retained the R. K. Nagar constituency with a margin of 39,545 votes over her DMK rival.

·    She became the first leader in Tamil Nadu to serve consecutive terms as Chief Minister since the death of MGR in 1987.

Awards & Achievements

·    She won Gold State Award for coming first in 10th standard in the state of Tamil Nadu.

·    In 1973, she acted in Sri Krishna Satya, which won her the Filmfare Award for Best Actress in Telugu.

·    Jayalalithaa holds the record for having been the Tamil actress with maximum silver jubilee hits in her career – 85 hits of 92 Tamil films as main female lead heroine and in addition she also has all 28 films in Telugu as silver jubilee hits.

·    She received the title "Nadippuku Ilakkium Vahuthuvar" and also won Tamil Nadu Cinema Fan Award for Best Actress for her 100th film in 1974.

·    She received Special Award from Filmfare for her performances in ‘Chandhrodhayam’, ‘Adimai Penn’ and ‘Engirundho Vandhaal’ in the years 1966, 1969 and 1970 as the Filmfare Award for Best Actress was introduced only in 1972.

·    In 1972, Jayalalithaa was awarded the Kalaimamani by the Government of Tamil Nadu.

·    Her government was the first to introduce police stations operated solely by women.

·    She introduced 30% quota for women in all police jobs and established as many as 57 all-women police stations.

·    She first invited Ford Motor Company to establish business in Tamil Nadu in 1995.

Personal Life & Legacy

·    She quoted on M.G.Ramachandran, "He was a very warm and caring kind of a person. And after Mother died, he replaced her in my life. He was everything to me. He was mother, father, brother, friend, philosopher, guide. Everything. He sort of took over my life." In many of her interviews she often said she entered films on being asked by her mother and entered politics on request by M.G.Ramachandran.

·    On 21 September 2016 she inaugurated two Chennai metro rail lines by way of video conferencing.This was her last public appearance before being admitted to hospital on 22 September 2016.

·    On 22 September 2016, Jayalalithaa was admitted to Apollo Hospitals in Chennai, as she suffered from infection and acute dehydration. Her official duties were handed over to her aide O. Panneerselvam on 12 October 2016.

·    The hospital released a press statement stating that her condition was "very critical" and that she was on life support. On 5 December 2016, the hospital announced her death.

·    Her body was kept in state at her residence in Poes Garden and Rajaji Hall.Around 2 million people came to pay their last respect to her at Rajaji Hall. Her last rites were performed on the evening of 6 December 2016 and she was interred in the northern end of the Marina Beach in Chennai in sandalwood casket, near the grave of her mentor M. G. Ramachandran.

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Trivia

·    Government of India declared a one-day national mourning with the national flag in all government buildings flying at half-mast. While a seven-day mourning from 6–12 December 2016 was observed by Government of Tamil Nadu, also three day state mourning from 6–8 December 2016 were observed by Government of Kerala, and Government of Puducherry. One day state mourning on 6 December 2016 was observed by Government of Karnataka, Government of Punjab, Government of Uttarakhand and Government of Bihar.

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