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Neelam Sanjiva Reddy
Neelam Sanjiva Reddy (19 May 1913 – 1
June 1996) was the sixth
President of India, serving
from 1977 to 1982. Beginning a long political career with the Indian
National Congress party in the Indian
independence movement, he went
on to hold several key offices in independent India—as the first Chief
Minister of Andhra Pradesh, a two-time Speaker
of the Lok Sabha and
a Union Minister—before becoming the youngest-ever Indian president.Born in
present-day Anantapur district, Andhra Pradesh, Reddy completed his schooling at Adayarand joined the Government Arts College at Anantapur. He quit to become
an Indian
independence activist and
was jailed for participating in the Quit
India Movement. He was
elected to the Madras
Legislative Assembly in
1946 as a Congress
party representative. Reddy
became deputy chief minister of Andhra State in 1953 and the first Chief
Minister of Andhra Pradeshin 1956. He was a union cabinet minister under Prime Ministers Lal
Bahadur Shastri and Indira Gandhi from 1964 to 1967 and Lok Sabha Speakerfrom 1967 to 1969.
Childhood
& Early Life
·
Reddy was born into a
Telugu-speaking Hindu peasant family in Illur village, Madras Presidency(present-day Anantapur district, Andhra Pradesh) on 19
May 1913.
·
He studied at
the Theosophical High School at Adayar in Madras and later enrolled at the Government Arts College at Anantapur, an
affiliate of the University of Madras, as an undergraduate. In
1958, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati bestowed
the degree of Honorary Doctor of Laws on
him because of his role in its founding.
·
Reddy was married to Neelam
Nagaratnamma. The couple had one son and three daughters.
Career
·
Reddy joined the Indian
struggle for independence from
the British Raj following Mahatma Gandhi's
visit to Anantapur in July 1929 and dropped out of college in 1931. He was
closely associated with the Youth League and participated in a student satyagraha. In
1938, Reddy was elected Secretary of the Andhra
Pradesh Provincial Congress Committee, an
office he held for ten years.
·
During the Quit India Movement, he was imprisoned and was mostly in jail between 1940 and 1945.
Released in March 1942, he was arrested again in August and sent to the Amraoti jail where he served time with activists T Prakasam, S. Satyamurti, K Kamaraj and V V Giri till
1945.
·
Elected
to the Madras Legislative Assembly in
1946 as a Congress representative, Reddy became secretary of the Congress'
legislature party. He was also a Member of the Indian Constituent Assembly from Madras. From April 1949 to April 1951, he was the
Minister for Prohibition, Housing and Forests of the Madras State. Reddy
lost the 1951 election to the Madras Legislative Assembly to the Communist leader Tarimela Nagi Reddy.
·
In 1951, in a closely
contested election, he was elected President of the Andhra
Pradesh Congress Committee defeating N G Ranga. When
the Andhra State was
formed in 1953, T. Prakasam became its Chief Minister and Reddy became
the deputy. After the later formation of the Andhra Pradesh state
by incorporating Telangana with
the Andhra State, Reddy became its first Chief Minister from 1 November
1956 to 11 January 1960.
·
Reddy served thrice as
President of the Indian National Congress at its Bangalore, Bhavnagarand Patna sessions during 1960 to 1962. At the Congress session at Goa
in 1962, Reddy's speech stating India's determination to end the Chinese occupation of Indian territory and the irrevocable nature of the liberation of Goa was
enthusiastically received by attendees. He was thrice member of the Rajya
Sabha.
Major
Works
·
In the general
elections of 1967, Reddy was elected to the Lok Sabha from Hindupur in Andhra Pradesh. On 17 March 1967, Reddy was elected
Speaker of the Fourth Lok Sabha becoming only the third person to be elected
Speaker of the house during their inaugural term. To emphasize the
independence of the Speaker's office, Reddy resigned from the Congress Party.
·
In 1969, following
President Zakir Hussain's death, the Congress party nominated Reddy, a member of its Syndicate
faction, as candidate for President although Prime Minister Indira Gandhi
opposed him. She was forced to accept Reddy as the Congress party's
official candidate and feared his election would allow the Syndicate to expel
her from office. She asked Congress legislators to "vote according to
their conscience" rather than blindly toe the Party line, in effect giving
a call to support the independent candidate V V Giri.
·
Reddy was elected
unopposed, the only President to be elected thus, after being unanimously
supported by all political parties including the opposition Congress party. At
64, he became the youngest ever person to be elected President of India. He was
also the only serious presidential candidate to have contested twice – in 1969
against V V Giri and
in 1977.
·
Neelam Sanjiva Reddy was
elected on 21 July 1977 and was sworn in as the sixth President of India on 25 July 1977. Reddy worked with three governments, with Prime Ministers Morarji Desai, Charan Singh and
Indira Gandhi.
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Personal
Life & Legacy
·
Elected to Parliament in
1977 as a candidate of the Janata Party, Reddy
was unanimously elected Speaker of the Sixth Lok Sabha and three months later
was elected unopposed as President of India. As President, Reddy worked with
Prime Ministers Morarji Desai, Charan Singh and
Indira Gandhi. Reddy was succeeded by Giani Zail Singh in
1982 and he retired to his farm in Anantapur. He died in 1996 and his samadhi is at Kalahalli near Bangalore. In 2013, the Government of Andhra Pradesh commemorated Reddy's birth centenary.
·
Reddy was succeeded as
President by Giani Zail Singh who
was sworn in on 25 July 1982. In his farewell address to the nation, Reddy
criticised the failure of successive governments in improving the lives of the
Indian masses and called for the emergence of a strong political opposition to
prevent governmental misrule.
·
Following his presidential
term, the then Chief Minister of Karnataka Ramakrishna Hegde invited
Reddy to settle down in Bangalore but he chose to retire to his farm in
Anantapur. He died of pneumonia in Bangalore in 1996 at the age of 83. His samadhi is at Kallahalli near Bangalore. The Parliament mourned
Reddy's death on 11 June 1996 and members cutting across party lines paid him
tribute and recalled his contributions to the nation and the House.
·
Reddy authored a
book, Without Fear or Favour: Reminiscences and Reflections of a
President, published in 1989. The character Mahendranath, Chief Minister
of the fictional state of Afrozabad in former Prime Minister P V Narasimha Rao's novel, The Insider, is based on Reddy, portraying his career in Andhra Pradesh and his
political rivalry with Kasu Brahmananda Reddy.
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