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Swami Vivekananda
In
1893, Swami Vivekananda arrived in America as an anonymous and penniless
sannyasin (wandering monk). He had travelled to America as a representative of
Hinduism and the ancient Indian tradition of Vedanta. Yet Vivekananda was not
bound by any formal ties of religion; to the World Parliament of Religions he
offered a message of a shared spirituality and the harmony of world religions.
This universal message and his dynamic spiritual personality won the hearts and
minds of many seekers; and his vision is still treasured today.
‘I
am proud to belong to a religion which has taught the world both tolerance and
universal acceptance. We believe not only in universal toleration, but we
accept all religions as true.”
–
Swami Vivekananda 11th September, 1893, World Parliament of Religions
Early
Life of Vivekananda
Vivekananda
was born to an orthodox Hindu family in Bengal 1863. From an early age, he
displayed signs of great compassion and also the qualities of a natural leader.
Vivekananda had a sharp intellect and devoured literature from both East and
West – this included Western philosophy and the great English poets. Vivekananda
particularly liked the rational reasoning of the West and was easily dismayed
by many of the religious superstitions and the cultural decline that Indian
society found itself in. From this background Vivekananda was drawn to join the
Brahmo Samaj. The Brahmo Samaj was a modern Hindu movement who sought to
revitalise Indian life and spirituality through a rationalistic approach and
abandonment of image worship.
However
the rationality of the Brahmo Samaj could not satisfy the latent spiritual hunger
of Vivekananda. From an early age he began to have spiritual experiences and,
at the age of 18, he felt an overwhelming desire to ‘See God’. With a
directness that was typical of Vivekananda he asked those around whether they
had seen God. All affirmed in the negative. This included the great
Devendranath Tagore (father of Rabindranath Tagore) However Devendranath told
Vivekananda that he saw in him the eyes of a yogi and surely he would realise
God in this lifetime. Although none could satisfy his question, he came to hear
of the name Ramakrishna Paramhansa who was reputed to be a great spiritual
personality and someone who had realised God.
Ramakrishna
– Vivekananda
In
many ways Ramakrishna was different to Vivekananda. Ramakrishna was an
illiterate and simple villager who had taken a post at a local Kali temple.
However his simple exterior hid a personality of extraordinary spirituality.
For many years Ramakrishna had pursued the most intense spiritual practices –
burning with a longing for realisation of his beloved Mother Kali. But after
attaining realisation, Ramakrishna not only practised Hindu rituals, but also
pursued the spiritual paths of all the main religions. Sri Ramakrishna came to
the conclusion that all religions lead to the same goal of union with the
infinite. It was thus fitting that his closest disciple, Vivekananda would
later eloquently spread this message, – the harmony of world religions. As Sri
Aurobindo would later say:
”
the Master (Sri Ramakrishna) marked out Vivekananda as the heroic soul destined
to take the world between his two hands and change it.”
Ramakrishna
instantly recognised the spiritual potential of Vivekananda and lavished
attention on Vivekananda, who at first did not always understand this. In the
beginning, the reasoning mind of Vivekananda was sceptical of this God
intoxicated Saint, and Vivekananda would frequently question and debate his
teachings. However, the spiritual magnetism of Sri Ramakrishna soon melted
Vivekananda’s heart and he began to experience the real spirituality that
Ramakrishna exuded. Thus Vivekananda’s mental opposition faded away to be
replaced by an intense surrender to the Divine Mother and a burning longing for
realisation.
For
a short but intense period of about five years, Vivekananda learnt directly
from his Master Sri Ramakrishna. Sri Ramakrishna was able to awaken the dormant
spiritual consciousness in his beloved disciple and Vivekananda soon began to
experience profound states of consciousness and Samadhi. Yet, after experiencing
the bliss of samadhi, Vivekananda asked his Master for the boon to continually
experience the ecstasy of Nirvana. However, his Guru, replied: ‘I thought you
had been born for something greater, my boy!‘
After
the passing of Ramakrishna, the other disciples looked to Vivekananda for
leadership and he helped form the first monastic order of Ramakrishna. Under
his constant guidance he urged his fellow brother disciples to renounce the
world and seek communion with God.
However,
for Vivekananda, personal liberation was not enough. His heart ached for the
downtrodden masses of India who suffered poverty and many hardships.
Vivekananda felt that the highest ideal was to serve God through serving
humanity. Thus Vivekananda would later add social work as an important element
of the Ramakrishna order.
“Do
you think these sannyasi children of Sri Ramakrishna are born to simply to sit
under trees lighting dhuni-fires? Whenever any of them will take up some work,
people will be astonished to see their energy. Learn from them how to work. ”
–
Swami Vivekananda
Thus
after spending a few years in meditation Vivekananda began travelling
throughout India, visiting many of the holy sites. After travelling through
India and coming into contact with many influential figures, it was suggested
that Vivekananda would make an ideal candidate to represent Hinduism at the
World Parliament of Religions which was shortly to be held in Chicago, USA.
Before leaving Vivekananda went to receive the blessings of Sarada Devi, the
wife of Sri Ramakrishna. After receiving her encouragement and blessings he
made the momentous journey to America dressed in his ochre robe and maintaining
the vows of a Sanyasin.
Vivekananda
– World Parliament of Religions.
At
the opening ceremony Vivekananda was one of the last speakers to speak. The
previous speakers had talked about the merits of their own religion but
Vivekananda appealed to the whole audience with his vision of oneness and
equality before God.
His
opening words began with:
‘Brother
and Sisters of America.’ … Spontaneously the audience rose to its feet to
applaud, appreciating the visionary sentiments Vivekananda offered. He
continued. “It fills my heart with joy unspeakable to rise in response to the
warm and cordial welcome which you have given us….”
Swami
Vivekananda was chosen to represent Hinduism. However Swami Vivekananda did not
try in any way to prove the superiority of his religion. Instead Vivekananda
spoke with great sincerity about the harmony of world religions and the common spirituality
of humanity. It was this universal message of oneness which captivated the
audience.
‘As
different streams, having their sources in different places, all mingle their
water in the sea, so, O Lord, the different paths which men take through different
tendencies, various though they appear, crooked or straight, all lead to Thee.’
Swami
Vivekananda’s Speech to World Parliament of Religions 1893
Vivekananda
proved to be an eloquent exponent of Vedanta and the ideals of all religions.
In addition people felt in this handsome and striking monk a calm detachment, a
luminous personality and radiant spirituality. Unexpectedly Vivekananda proved
to be the star of the World Parliament of Religions
The
New York Herald said of Vivekananda.
‘He
is undoubtedly the greatest figure in the Parliament of Religions. After
hearing him we feel how foolish it is to send missionaries to this learned
nation.’
The
Boston Evening Post said.
‘If
he (Vivekananda) merely crosses the platform he is applauded; and this marked
approval of thousands he accepts in a childlike spirit of gratification without
a trace of conceit…’
Throughout
the conference Vivekananda was undoubtedly the star, the organisers would save
Vivekananda to the end to make sure the audience would stay to listen.
The
conference propelled Vivekananda into the public eye and for many months he
travelled across America giving talks on the ancient tradition of Vedanta and
his hope of fusing the spirituality of the East with the materialism of the
West.
In
America Vivekananda also began training some close students so they could
propagate the teachings of Vedanta. He was able to start small centres in both
the US and Great Britain. Vivekananda admitted he entered Britain with deep
misgivings since his heart rebelled at the impact of the British Empire on his
beloved Motherland. However he was delighted to find some individuals who were
sincerely attracted to the teachings of Vedanta. One notable example was Miss
Margaret Noble (later named Nivedita), originally from Ireland, Nivedita was to
became a devoted disciple who would dedicate her life to the Indian people)
After
several years in the West, Vivekananda returned to India where he was met with
a rapturous reception. In particular, his brother monks who were full of pride
with Vivekananda who had returned with glowing praise. Despite failing health,
Vivekananda threw himself into a whirlpool of activity reorganising the
monasteries and exhorting his fellow Indians to return to the truth of the
Vedantic principles. Vivekananda also sought to imbibe in the Indian
consciousness a renewed dynamism to improve their material life. As Vivekananda
often said, it was no use teaching religion to those with empty stomachs. Swami
Vivekananda had a great love for India.
“I
loved my motherland dearly before I went to America and England. After my
return, every particle of dust of this land seems sacred to me”
As
well as teaching the benefits of selfless service and encouraging greater
dynamism, he also never lost sight of the ultimate goal in life, which was to
become one with God.
“Seek
ye first the kingdom of God, and everything shall be added unto you.” This is
the one great duty, this is renunciation. Live for an ideal, and leave no place
in the mind for anything else. Let us put forth all our energies to acquire
that which never fails–our spiritual perfection. ”
–
Swami Vivekananda
Vivekananda
passed away at the young age of 39 but he achieved a remarkable amount in this
short time on earth. He combined the ancient spiritual traditions of India with
the dynamism of the West. Many Indian politicians would later offer their
gratitude to the impact and ideals of Vivekananda. To many Vivekananda is
regarded as the patron saint of modern India.
–
Jawaharlal Nehru wrote:
“His
whole life and teaching inspired my generation.”
–
Mahatma Gandhi on Vivekananda:
“after
having gone through [his works], the love that I had for my country became a
thousandfold.”
Sri
Chinmoy, on Vivekananda:
“The
disciple of Sri Ramakrishna was a live spring of spiritual force. No hyperbole,
he was the Recoverer and Vivifier of the submerged soul of India. It was with
his Master’s immortal teachings that he vitalised the sinews of India and
illumined her darkened soul. ”
Passing
of Vivekananda
Towards
the end of his life, Vivekananda retreated from public service and contemplated
the vaster meaning of life.
“I am being lifted up above the pestilential
miasma of this world’s joys and sorrows; they are losing their meaning. It is a
land of dreams; it does not matter whether one enjoys or weeps; they are but
dreams, and as such, must break sooner or later…”
Guruji. A. Sivaguru Swamy
Whatsapp Skype IMO 9963334337 Facetime 9346346956
Skype – sivaguruswamy29
45/2, Opp.Railway Station, Sirkali Tq, Vaitheeswaran Koil,
Naagai Dist, Tamilnadu–609 117
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