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Saint Durvasa
Saint
Durvasa was an ancient saint. He occupies a predominant position in the history
of sages. He is a well known sage of Satyug, Tretya Yug and Dwapar Yug. Saint
Durvasa was an incarnation of Lord Shiva. He was also known for his bad temper.
Although he was respected for his knowledge and wisdom, everyone was scared of
his anger. He had a habit of cursing people over small mistakes. But his anger
was always short-lived and he himself used to tell the remedy to cut the effect
of curse.
It
is believed that, Saint Durvasa was an incarnation of Lord Shiva. He was the
son of Sage Atri and Anusuya. Sage Atri was the human son of Lord Brahma and
her wife was a loyal and a faithful women. One day Goddess Saraswati, Lakshami
and Parvati decided to challenge Anusuya’s loyalty towards her husband. All the
three goddesses compels their husbands i.e Lord Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva to test
her loyalty.
Anusaya’s
maintained her loyalty. As a result, all the three gods starts to live with her
as her sons. After some time, on request of all the gods and goddesses she
releases them. The trinity gods before leaving blesses her that portions of
themselves would be born as her sons. Later on, she gave birth to Soma as an
incarnation of Lord Brahma, Dattatreya as Vishnu’s incarnation and Durvasa as
Shiva’s incarnation.
As
per other legends, it is believed that Sage Atri performed severe penance along
with his wife Anusaya on Trishkul mountain to obtain a son. Pleased with his
penance, Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva blessed the sage that all the three gods
would be born to him as his sons.
After
some time, Sage Atri was blessed with three sons. Lord Brahma incarnated in the
form of Soma, Lord Vishnu’s incarnation was Dattatreya and Durvasa was born as
an incarnation of Lord Shiva.
General
Character of Saint Durvasa
Saint
Durvasa kept on testing his devotees. Although he was a great sage, he failed
to control his anger which became his weakness. He used to get highly
aggressive at small issues sometimes and curse the person without thinking
much.
Saint
Durvasa cursed Shakuntala as a result of his anger due to which she had to
suffer a lot in her life. No one was saved from his anger including gods,
demons, general public etc.
Significant
incidents of Saint Durvasa’s Life
Saint
Durvasa has attained many powers with his hard penance and meditation. He was
able to attain great achievements by adhering Ashtang yoga. Many such events of
his life were remembered for centuries and became the origin of many other
events in sequence.
Saint
Durvasa and Kunti
Once
Saint Durvasa was pleased with Kunti’s service and so gave her a mantra which
enabled her to invoke any god of her choice to beget children by them. As a
result of this boon she gave birth to pandavas, who brought significant changes
in the history.
Saint
Durvasa and Lord Krishna
Once
Saint Durvasa decided to test the patience of Lord Krishna. Lord Krishna serves
him best without losing patience on saint’s odd demands. One day, Saint Durvasa
asks Lord Krishna to apply the left over Kheer (sweet dish made with rice and
milk) all over his body. Lord Krishna did as he was instructed and was blessed
by a boon. Saint Durvasa blessed him with all the love present in the universe.
Saint
Durvasa and Kind Ambarisha
Once
Saint Durvasa visited King Ambarisha’s kingdom. The king was observing Ekadashi
and Dwadashi fast on that day. After completing the rituals of the fast, the
king offered prasad to Saint Durvasa on which the saint asked him to wait until
he had finished his bath in the Yamuna river. The auspicious moment soon
arrived when the king had to break his fast to fulfill his rite. But, Durvasa
had not yet returned from his bath. After consulting the other priests present,
the king broke his fast by taking a sip of water.
When
saint Durvasa returned, he got angry knowing that the king had broke his fast.
He created a demon out of a strand of his hair to kill Ambarisha. The king
started remembering Lord Vishnu and as soon as the demon attacked him, his
Sudarshan Charkra intervened and killed the demon and started chasing Durvasa.
Durvasa
went to Brahma and Shiva for protection. Lord Shiva asked him to meet Lord Vishnu, as he was the only one who could
save him from the chakra. Lord Vishnu advised him to seek the king’s pardon for
his mistake. Durvasa took this advise and returned to Ambarisha to apologize.
On seeing his condition, King Ambarisha recalls the Sudarshan Chakra.
Thus, protecting Durvasa’s life.
Story 1
In the Brahmanda purana, it has been said that
Brahma and Shiva got into a heated argument which triggered Shiva’s wrath. The
devas fled from there in fear. Even Parvati felt that it was impossible to
handle Shiva in his acute fury. Shiva realized that the situation had gotten
out of hand, and he realized the disharmony it was causing and materialized
that fury as an embryo in the womb of Anasuya the wife of Sage Atri. That child
was born as Durvasa, the name literally meant “one who is difficult to live
with” (the name also means ill-clothed, the reference is to Siva wearing the
animal hide after killing Gajasura, the demon in the form of an elephant).
Durvasa adopted a similar attitude and was quick to curse those he believed did
not follow the path of Dharma, but he was able control and discipline his ten
thousand disciples and lead them with a discipline, none of whom ever deviated
from the path of righteousness.
Story 2 and the different variations
Atri made a great tapascharya on the riksha
kulaparvat (kula mountain) because of which the whole world started burning.
The Trinity impressed with him and asked him what he wanted, and he demanded
that the they be born to him and his wife Anasuya. In Brahma Purana, Atri asked
for three sons, and one daughter named Shubhatreyi.
The Bhagavatha Purana there is a different version
of the story. Sage Atri performed extreme penance to appease the Supreme Lord
to beget him a child in the Lords form. Extremely pleased with the sage and
through the Lords manifestation of Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva, Sage Atri was
blessed and Anasuya his wife gave birth to Soma (Brahma), Dhattatreya (Vishnu)
who is the three headed deva that represents the Trideva, and Durvasa (Shiva in
this Rudra form) as part incarnation of these Tridevas.
Story 3 and the different variations
Anasuya was regarded very highly as a Pativrata,
in simple words the most loyal and faithful. The wives of the Tridev, the
‘Tridevi’s Saraswati, Laxmi and Parvati objected to this title being bestowed
upon mortal woman as they were the only Maha Sati’s. They wanted to test her
about the extent of Anasuya’s faith and thus persuade their husbands to test
her. They assumed the guise of 3 sages and went to seek alms at the hermitage
of sage Atri while he was away. They told Anasuya that she would have to serve
them in the nirlage form (feeding in the nude form). However she was also
unable to turn these Rishi’s away and being a married women she was cornered.
But with her power of penance she turned these into Rishis into babies and fed
them in the nude form as per their request.
The Devis acknowledged her as the highest form of
a Pativrata. They acknowledged her as a Maha Sati even greater than them as she
had turned mother to the Tridevas. As a boon the Devas were born to her.
In another version, prompted by Narada who praised
Anasuya, the Devis got jealous. In this story, when their husbands did not
return they went to the Ashrama only to see that their husbands have been
turned to Babies. They repented and granted Anasuya the boon that the tridevas
would be born to her.
Story 4
A Brahmin named Kaushik lived with his wife in the
vicinity of village called Pratishthaan. In course of time he started being
obsessed by a prostitute and frequented her mansion most of the time. He was
practically living with her, completely ignoring his wife. Soon enough he was
diagnosed with Leprosy and was kicked out by this prostitute. His wife without
second thoughts took him under her care. But he was still obsessed with her and
insisted on meeting the prostitute and went to the extent of asking his wife to
take him to that prostitute.
Here on the other side of the story, sage Mandavya
was mistaken for a thief and was put to punishment by making him lie on spikes.
On their way to the forest and they came upon the Sage who was hit by mistake by
Kaushik. Already bitter sage cursed him to die before sunrise. The wife in the
power of her devotion stopped sunrise which created havoc in the world. The
Devas went to Anasuya and requested her to pacify the Brahmins wife. Anasuya
not only convinced the Brahmins wife she also blessed him and bought him back
to life. Thus pleased the Tridevas were born to her.
Story 5 and the different variations
Yet another story, Rahu had masked the sun for a
long time and the earth was dark. Atri got the sun off Rahus hands thus
lighting upthe earth. Thus Shiva and Vishnu as blessing were born as Durvasa
and Dattareya.
As a blessing for helping the sun rise in the east
everyday Arti and Anasuya were blessed. Soma is called Chandratreya or
Chandratre and Durvasa is called Krishnatreya or Krishnatre Dattatreya, as the
incarnation of Vishnu, has the power to cause any species to continue.
DREKKANA
The three rishes who are called Drekkanas are
Narada, Agastya and Durvasa are holders of divine knowledge and represents the
free will or courage. These Rishis have influence on our actions and
motivations.
Narada: Narada was the son of Brahma. He received
the knowledge of Bhakti works on the karmic level. He also deals with creation
as we are only created if we have karma to reconcile.
Agastya: Agastya was a great thinker and is thus
linked to the mind. He is connected with sattva guna and he works on the mental
plane.
Durvasa: Durvasa represents the desires and their
abilities to lead us astray. Durvasa is linked to the tamasic guna and works on
the physical desires.
DURVASA CURSES INDRA AND THE STORY OF KUMBHA MELA
In most of the Puranas, Durvasa is shown as partly
responsible for decline of the Devas and led to the churning of the ocean.
Elsewhere the fight for power between Devas and Asuras is shown as the reason.
As per Vishnu purana, Durvasa was wandering in one
of those ecstatic moods when he came across Vidyadhari, an Apsara, who
presented him with garland of fragrant Kalpaka flowers (in another version he
demanded it off Vidyadhari). Enroute he comes upon Lord Indra who was riding on
Airavata his Vahana. On seeing him Durvasa presented the garland he acquired
from Vidhyadari to him. Indra took it and put in on Airavata the elephant and
his vahana, who, disturbed by the fragrance threw it on the ground and toppled
over it. Considering it as an insult, Durvasa cursed Indra to be cast down from
his position. Despite Indra’s pleas for forgiveness Durvasa refused to retract
or soften his curse. He blamed Sages Gauthama and Vasistha for being the cause
of Indra’s pride. As a result Indra and the other Gods started to weaken and
they lost their luster soon enough. Seizing the opportunity Asuras under the
leadership of Bali attacked the Devas. Helpless against them Devas took solace
in Lord Vishnu who advised them to go for a truce with asuras and take their
help to churn the milky ocean to get the elixir called the Amrutam and the Lord
also assured the Devas that the amrutam will not go the asuras. The devas took
Vishnu's advice and called their truce with the asuras, and thus the gods and
demons came together for the purpose of churning of the ocean.
The Devas and the asuras fought for 12 days and 12
nights equivalent to 12 human years. Amidst this chaos Lord Vishnu in this
Mohini avatara flew away with the Amrutam spilling it over for places Allahabad (Prayag), Haridwar,
Ujjain and Nashik, where even to this day Kumbh (pitcher) Mela is celebrated
every 12 years.
STORY OF AMBAREESHA
Ambareesha was a great devotee of the Lord and pleased
with him the Lord had presented him with the Sudarshana Chakra as a shield to
protect him whenever he needed it. He was once adhering to the Ekadesi and
Dwadeshi Vratham (fasting) for one year such that towards the last three days
of final fasting he was not even eating a morsel of food or taking a sip of
water. It was around the time of breaking his fast that Durvasa paid him a
visit with all his disciples.
Ambareesha welcomed him with due respect and
requested him to be his honored guest. Accepting his invitation Durvasa asked
him to wait for him while he took a dip in the river. The auspicious moment to
break the fast arrived and Durvasa had not returned. Ambareesha was in a
dilemma. After consulting with other sages, he took a sip of tulsi water to
break to break the fast.
On hearing this, when he did return, Durvasa was
enraged. Pulling a strand of his hair he created a Demon called Krtya to kill
Ambareesha. The moment the demon came to kill him Sudarshana chakra came to his
rescue and killed the demon and in turn started chasing Durvasa. Durvasa, was
shocked at the unexpected turn of events and went to seek help from Shiva at
Kailasa and from Brahma. Shiva and Brahma both told him that they were helpless
against the Sudharshana chakra and advised him to seek refuge in Vishnu who
owned the chakra. Durvasa was quite scared by now and worried as he rushed to
Vishnu. Vishnu told him that he was a “Bhakta Dasa” and he was helpless in
front of the Bhakti of his devotee and he asked the sage to go to Ambareesha
himself and seek pardon. When finally he reached Ambareesha, the sage saw that
he was still waiting for the sage to break his fast. Durvasa was very humbled
by the Bhakti shown by Amareesha and humbly requested Ambareesha to recall the
Chakra. Ambareesha without a second thought prayed and thus spared the life of
the Durvasa.
DURVASA CURSES SHAKUNTHALA
In Abhijnanashakuntala, a poetic treatise by
Kalidasa, we all know and have heard of how Durvasa cursed Shakuntala.
Shakuntala was day dreaming of Dushyant whom she had secretly married, she was
missing him and was lost in his thoughts when Durvasa paid visit to the Kanava
Ashram. Not getting his due respect and seeing Shakuntala completely lost in
thoughts, he cursed her that the person in her thoughts forget her, albeit her
lover/husband. Hearing the curse being uttered, her companions and other people
in the ashrama try to explain and pacify the sage, who softened down. Though
the curse couldn’t be nullified it was softened, Durvasa told them that her husband/lover
would remember her when he saw the gift he presented her with. The sage’s curse
proved true, but in time things patched up and Dushyant was united with wife
Sakunthala and Bharata his son.
CAUSES DEATH OF LAKSHMANA
In Valmiki Ramayana, he turned up as the cause of
death of Lakshmana and eventually Rama. Yama, the god of death, once seeks
audience with Rama. He comes in guise of a sage. Before the commencement of the
meeting he puts forth a condition that once the meeting commenced their dialogue
was to remain confidential, and anyone who entered the room and saw or heard
them was to be executed. So while Rama was in dialogue with Yama, Lakshmana
stands guard and guess who comes along, Durvasa!!! He insists on an immediate audience with Rama
or the people of Ayodhya would face dire consequence of his curse. Lakshmana
tried to pacify him and tried to explain with no results. In the end Lakshmana
decided that his life was worth nothing considering the life of the people who
would face the wtrath of Durvasa.
So knowing well about the consequence of walking
into the meeting he walks in and passes the message to Rama. Rama concluded the
meeting with Yama and rushed to attend to the sage and fulfilled his Aditya
dharma. Now as per dharma he had execute his brother Lakshmana as promised to
Yama. He couldn’t kill his brother but what else could he do? He consulted the
elders and as per Sage Vasishta’s advice Lakshmana was asked to leave Rama for
good. Abandonment was as good as death for the pious people, they say.
Lakshmana who couldn’t bear it all and decided to go in for samadhi on the
banks of river Sarayu. It has been said that unseen from all eyes, Lord Indra
takes him to heaven.
BOON TO KUNTI
He was also known to be benevolent with his boons.
One such a person to get into that list was Kunti, mother of the Pandavas.
Kunti was the adopted daughter of Kuntibhoja. When she was a young giel,
Durvasa paid a visit to her father. Kuntibhoja immediately asked Kunti to serve
him. Kunti served him well. There is story that goes on to say that once it so
happened that Durvasa told her to get the food ready while he bathes and comes
back. Durvasa was rather fast and Kunti somehow managed to get his food ready
by then but it was still very hot. Durvasa put the hot vessel on the bare back
of Kunti to check the heat, who did not flinch even though it was very hot.
Durvasa was very pleased with her sincereity and devotion and taught her a
Mantra from the Atharva veda by which she could invoke Gods of her choice and beget
children by them. To test the mantra she prayed to Surya and gave birth to
Karna. Later she had children through Dharmadeva (Yudhishtra), Vayu Deva
(Bheema), and Indra (Arjuna). She shared this mantra with Madri, second wife of
Pandu, and she had twins by Aswini Kumaras namely, Nakula and Sahadev.
SAINT DURVASA AND LORD KRISHNA
Krishna too was not sparedof the tests of Durvasa.
He tested the level of Krishna’s patience. Krishna patiently serves the sages’
outrageous demands inspite of being prompted. On one occasion he demands
Krishna to smear the left over Kheer/payasam his body. However ridiculous a
demand Krishna obliged with reverence. He smears it all on his body expect
under his feet, for which Durvasa cursed that he would die because of that. Krishna
dies with an injury he begot below his feet. Inspite of that the sage was
overly impressed by the devotion and blessed him with all the love in the
world. :D
Yet in another story, Duvasa visits Krishna and
Rukmini in their home. Krishna by then was known as a prefect householder and
the sage wanted to test him again. As per aditya maryada Krishna welcomed the
sage into his home offered him his own throne as a seat and washed his feet.
The sage on his part (to test their patience) was very demanding. He commanded
their personal attendance and full attention to which the divine couple obliged
with no second thought and with reverence. He demanded for a chariot. Not only
did Krishna oblige, he also accompanied him in case the sage wanted something.
In another version of the story he made Krishna and Rukmini to draw his chariot
too, to the extent used the whip on Rukmini too. Extremely pleased with the
duo, he blessed them to be remembered as the embodiment of perfect householders
and blessed Rukmini eternal beauty.
PROTECTING DRAUPADI'S MODESTY
This version of the story from the Shiva purana is
very different from that we see in the Mahabharata. Once while Durvasa was
bathing in river Ganga, his loin cloth was carried away by the underwater
current. Draupadi who was there at the scene immediately tore off a piece of
her garment so that he could cover himself up. Because of this timely help he
granted Draupadi a boon that helped her with an unending stream of cloth to
cover her modesty, when Dushasana was trying to strip her in courtroom, at the
time when Yudhishtra lost the game of dice to Shakuni.
DURVASA VISITS PANDAVAS IN THE FOREST
Duryodhana and shakuni were lucky to have been
granted a boon by him. They were able to appeace him. Duryodhana who was
obsessed with the destruction of Pandavas requested Durvasa rishi to visit the
Pandavas the forest. He knew there would not have any morsel of food left to
serve them as those days Pandavas relied on Akshaya patra for their daily food
and once Draupadi had eaten the food would cease to exist. Duryodhana secretly
hoped that the sage would curse them. In some version of the strory, Draupadi
is replaced by Kunti.
When Sage Duvasa turned up in the forest, the
Pandavas were unsure as to what had to be done, for they feared his temper.
Draupadi prayed frantically to Lord Krishna, who appeared immediately in front
of her asking for food. By then she expatiated the situation to Krishna who
asked her to get the Akshya patra. Krishna calmly took the vessel and found a
lone grain of rice and vegetable, which he consumed. There Durvasa who had
finished their bath found that they were hungry no more; but in fact they felt
completely full. So they went away without returning to the Pandavas as they
wouldn’t be able to refuse the food they offered and they were in no condition
to eat.
STORY OF SWAMINARAYANA
The following story is not part of puranas or
Vedas. This is story based on a folklore of Gujarat.
After Krishna’s departure from this world, Udhava
goes to Badkrikashrama to part take in the discourses that were happening
there. While Narayana was giving discourses there, sage Durvasa came there from
Mt. Kailash. The sages and saints were so engrossed the discourse that no one
really saw him. He waited for quite some time to be acknowledged, but nobody
noticed him. He was very angry and cursed the entire aseembly of the sages
saying that they would be born as mortals and suffer insult and agony from the
wicked. Narayanas parents Dharma and Bhaki pacifies him and sage Durvasa softens
his curse and tells them that they will be born as parents of Swaminarayana and
his birth will relieve all from the clutches of evil. Dharma and Bhakti were
eventually born as Hariprasad Pande and Premvati Pande. Narayana was born as
their son, named Ghanshyam, who came to be known as Swaminarayan.
Guruji. A. Sivaguru Swamy
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