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H. H. SRI SWAMI SIVANANDA SARASWATI
On
Thursday, the 8th. of September, 1887, in the early hours of the morning, when
the star Bharani was in the ascendant was born a boy-child in the village of
Pattamadai on the bank of the river Tamraparani in South India. Sri P.S. Vengu
Iyer, a revenue officer and a great Siva Bhakta (devotee of Lord Siva), and
Srimati Parvati Ammal, an equally great god-fearing lady, were the fortunate
parents of this child. The happy couple christened this last and third son of
theirs Kuppuswamy.
Boy
Kuppuswamy was intelligent and mischievous. In his boyhood itself he showed
signs of Tyaga (renunciation) and love for fellow-beings. He used to pity the
poor, feed the hungry at the door, and make his father throw a pie into the
hands of pauper passing by. He often got cakes and sweetmeats from his mother
and distributed them liberally to his younger companions, dogs, cats, crows,
and sparrows, himself not eating a bit. He used to bring flowers and bael
leaves for his father's Siva Puja.
At
the Rajah's High School, Ettayapuram, where he studied, Kuppuswamy always
topped the class and won prizes every year. He had a sweet voice and wonderful
memory. When His Excellency Lord Ampthil, the Governor of Madras, visited the
Kuru Malai Hills in 1901 for hunting, Kuppuswamy sang a song of welcome on the
Kumarapuram railway platform. After the completion of the Matriculation
examination, he studied at the S.P.G. College, Tiruchirapalli. In the college
he used to take part in debates and dramas. He played the part of Helena
beautifully when Shakespeare's "Midsummer Night's Dream" was staged
in 1905.
fter
the completion of the First Arts Examination, Kuppuswamy went to the Medical
School in Tanjore to study medicine. He used to be tremendously industrious and
never went home during the holidays. He would spend the entire period in the
hospital. He had free admission into the operation theater. Kuppuswamy was
first in all subjects. He possessed more knowledge than doctors with covetable
degrees, and in the first year itself he could answer the papers which the
final year students could not.
Kuppuswamy
completed the course and earned the title of M.B.,C.M. He practiced at Tiruchi.
While practicing, he started a medical journal called "The Ambrosia".
He got one hundred rupees from his mother for the initial expenses of running
the journal. Later, when his mother wanted a hundred and fifty rupees for
celebrating some festival, Dr. Kuppuswamy had the money ready for her. Even
then he used to distribute the journal freely; he was very shy to ask people
for contribution.
DOCTOR
IN MALAYA (MALAYSIA)
A
call came to Dr. Kuppuswamy from Malaya, soon after the death of his father. He
used to have an adventurous spirit in him. In 1913 he left India in the
"S.S. Tara". Kuppuswamy belonged to an orthodox Brahmin family and
was afraid to take non-vegetarian food in the ship. So he carried with him a
good quantity of sweets which his mother had prepared for him. When he arrived
in Singapore, he was almost half dead!
Dr.
Kuppuswamy describes his experiences in Malaya: "Immediately after
disembarking, I went to the residence of Dr. Iyengar. He gave me a letter of
introduction to his friend, Dr. Harold Parsons, a medical practitioner in
Seremban. When I arrived there, Dr. Parsons introduced me to Mr. A.G. Robins,
the manager of a nearby rubber estate which had its own hospital. Fortunately
for me, Mr. Robins was just in need of an assistant to work in the Estate
Hospital. He was a terrible man with a violent temper, a giant figure, tall and
stout. He asked me, 'Can you manage a hospital all by yourself?' I replied
'Yes, I can manage even three hospitals'. I was appointed at once. I had been
told by a local Indian resident that I ought not to accept, in accordance with
their policy, anything less than a hundred dollars a month. Mr. Robins agreed
to give me one hundred and fifty to start with".
The
young doctor worked very hard. Unusual handicaps began to tell upon him and he
felt like resigning the job after some time, but Mr. Robins would not allow him
to go.
Dr.
Kuppuswamy was very kind, sympathetic, humorous, witty, and sweet-speaking.
Hopeless cases came to him, but success was sure. Everywhere people declared
that he had a special gift from God for the miraculous cures effected in the
patients and acclaimed him as a very kind and sympathetic doctor with a
charming and majestic personality. In serious cases, he kept vigil all night.
In his private practice, Dr. Kuppuswamy used to attend to the poor and often
not charge them even visiting or consulting fees. Instead he would give them
money for special diet or to cover their own expenses after discharge from
hospital. He gave money like water.
Once
a poor man, drenched to the skin, came to the doctor at night. His wife was in
birth pangs. The doctor went there at once to her aid, and after attending to
her, stayed outside the hut in spite of the heavy rain. Only after the save
delivery of the child did the doctor return home the next morning.
In
spite of his busy life, Dr. Kuppuswamy served the Sadhus, Sannyasins, and
beggars. He attended marriage functions, parties, and other social gatherings.
Once a Sadhu gave him a book "Jiva Brahma Aikyam" by Sri Swami
Satchidananda. It ignited the dormant spirituality in him. He began to study
the books of Swami Rama Tirtha, Swami Vivekananda, Sankara, Imitation of
Christ, the Bible, and literature of the Theosophical Society. He was very
regular in his daily worship, prayer and Yoga Asanas. Study of sacred
scriptures like the Gita, the Mahabharata, the Bhagavata, and the Ramayana was
done with great devotion. Sometimes he conducted Nandan Charitam and sang
Bhajans and Kirtans. He practiced Anahat Laya Yoga and Swara Sadhana.
High-class
dress, and collection of curious and fancy articles of gold, silver, and
sandalwood always attracted the doctor. Sometimes he purchased various kinds of
gold rings and necklaces and wore them all at the same time. He used to wear
ten rings on ten fingers! When he entered shops, he never wasted his time in
selection, haggling, and bargaining. He gathered all that he saw. He paid the
shopkeepers' bills without scrutiny.
Nothing
could tempt the doctor. His heart was as pure as the Himalayan snow. His
immense philanthropy and spirit of service and renunciation endeared him to
all. People lovingly called him the "Heart of Love".
The
rich doctor did not engage a cook permanently. He was his own cook though he
had work that gave him no leisure. Occasionally he engaged a cook. One such
cook of his one day wanted to have a photograph of himself taken. The doctor
took him with great joy to a first class studio, made the cook put on his own
suit, shoes, and hat and had a photo taken.
RENUNCIATION
As
days passed, he reflected more and more and wanted to renounce the world. His
heart was purified through loving service. At last, Dr. Kuppuswamy, enjoying a
lucrative practice, renounced the world like Prince Siddartha, in 1923. He left
Malaya for India.
At
Madras he proceeded to the house of a friend and left his luggage there. He
began his pilgrimage. At Benares, he had the Darshan (vision) of Lord
Visvanath. He visited Mahatmas (great souls) and temples. At Dhalaj, a village
on the bank of the Chandrabaga river, he met a postmaster and lived with him.
He acted as the postmaster's cook, and when the latter arrived home in the
evening, the doctor was ready to shampoo his legs in spite of his
remonstrances! It was the postmaster who suggested Rishikesh when the aspiring
doctor wanted a place for solitary meditation.
Dr.
Kuppuswamy reached Rishikesh on the 8th of May, 1924. On the 1st of June, 1924,
there came His Holiness Sri Swami Visvananda Saraswati. The doctor saw a Guru
in the monk and the monk saw a Chela (disciple) in the doctor. After a brief
exchange of words, Dr. Kuppuswamy was initiated into the Sannyas order by Swami
Visvananda. Swami Vishnudevanandaji Maharaj, the Mahant of Sri Kailas Ashram,
performed the Viraja Homa ceremonies. The Guru named the doctor Swami Sivananda
Saraswati. Swami Visvananda wrote the necessary instructions about Sannyas
Dharma from Benares. Swami Sivanandaji stayed at Swargashram for Sadhana.
SADHANA
Swami
Sivananda dressed to clothe himself, ate to live, and lived to serve humanity.
A small dilapidated Kutir (hut), not resorted to by others and infested with
scorpions, protected him from rain and sun. Living in that Kutir, he did
intense Tapas (austerities), observed silence, and fasted. Often he fasted for
days on end. He would keep a good stock of bread in his room, and for a week
have this, together with Ganges water. He would stand up to the hips in the
ice-cold Ganges in winter mornings and commence his Japa, coming out only when
the sun appeared. He would spend more than twelve hours in daily meditation.
With all his intense Tapas, Swamiji did not neglect service of the sick. He
visited the huts of the Sadhus with medicines, served them, and shampooed their
legs. He begged food on their behalf and fed them with his own hands when they
fell sick. He brought water from the Ganges and washed their Kutirs. He attended
upon cholera and small-pox cases. If necessary, he kept vigil through the night
by the side of the bed of the ailing Sadhu. He carried sick persons on his back
to the hospital. With some money from his insurance policy that had matured,
Swamiji started a charitable dispensary at Lakshmanjula in 1927. He served the
pilgrims and saw Narayana in them.
Swamiji
practiced all the various Yogas and studied the scriptures. After years of
intense and unbroken Sadhana, he enjoyed the bliss of Nirvikalpa Samadhi. He
had come to the end of his spiritual journey.
He
used to gather bits of paper and used envelopes, and stitch them into little
notebooks. He entered some self-instructions in them. Some of the instructions
found in them read thus: "Give up salt, give up sugar, give up spices,
give up vegetables, give up chutnies, give up tamarind". In another we
read: Serve Bhangis, serve rogues, serve inferiors, remove faecal matter, clean
clothes of Sadhus - take delight, carry water". In another page: "Do
not revenge, resist not evil, return good for evil, bear insult and
injury". On some neat little pages we again read: "Forget like a
child any injury done by somebody immediately. Never keep it in the heart. It
kindles hatred. Cultivate Maitri (friendship), Karuna (compassion), Daya
(mercy), Prema (love), Kshama (forgiveness)". In another paragraph we see:
"Develop good manners, extreme politeness, courtesy, etiquette, good
demeanour, nobility, gentleness, mildness. Never be rude, harsh, or cruel.
There is nothing to be hated in the world. Hatred is ignorance. All contempt
for anything or being must be removed through love and Vichara (enquiry)".
Swamiji
traveled the whole length and breadth of India during his Parivrajaka
(wandering monk) life. He visited important places of pilgrimage in the South,
including Rameswaram. He conducted Sankirtan and delivered lectures. He visited
Aurobindo Ashram and met Maharishi Suddhananda Bharati. At Ramana Ashram, he
had Darshan of Sri Ramana Maharishi on the Maharishi's birthday. He sang
Bhajans and danced in ecstasy with the Bhaktas of Ramana. Swamiji went on a
trip to Kailas-Manasarovar and Badri.
THE
ORGANIZATION
He
returned after the pilgrimage, to Rishikesh, and in the year 1936 sowed the
seed of The Divine Life Society on the bank of the holy Ganga. He found an old
Kutir, dilapidated and disused, which looked like an abandoned cowshed. To him
it was more than a palace. It had four 'rooms'. He cleaned the Kutir, and
occupied it. Then, the increasing number of disciples who sought his
lotus-feet, undaunted by forbidding conditions of living, necessitated
expansion. They found more cowsheds, vacant, but uninhabitably filthy. In one
room, an old cowherd was living; the others were full of hay and dung. In about
a year or so, the old cowherd also vacated his 'room', and the Divine Life army
completed the occupation. Thus began the early life of The Divine Life Society.
From
this small beginning the Society grew imperceptibly and it is now the
headquarters of a world-wide Organization having a large number of Branches
both within the country and outside. He got the Divine Life Society Registered
as a Trust in the year 1936, with the main objects of dissemination of
spiritual knowledge and selfless service of humanity. The free distribution of
spiritual literature drew a steady flow of disciples of Sri Swamiji. With the
getting of able hands, he started the various departments of the Society to
provide suitable fields of activity for the purification of their hearts and to
grow spiritually. The publication of the monthly journal, 'The Divine Life',
was commenced in September 1938, to coincide with the celebration of his
birthday. The world was in grip of the 2nd world-war and in order to release a
continuous stream of peace-current in the whole world, to help the distressed
minds of the people, he started the Akhanda Mahamantra Kirtan (non-stop
chanting of the Mahamantra, Hare Rama Hare Rama; Rama Rama Hare Hare; Hare
Krishna Hare Krishna; Krishna Krishna Hare Hare, round-the-clock) on the 3rd of
December 1943, and also instituted the Lord Sri Visvanath Mandir with
three-time regular worship, daily, on the 31st December 1943.
Swami
Sivananda believed in synthesis in everything, in Yoga as well as in the
alleviation of human suffering. The Allopathic treatment was inseparable from
him and the Society, even from the earliest days of his life at Swargashram. He
now felt the need to serve the people with genuine Ayurvedic preparations out
of the rare Himalayan herbs. He therefore instituted the Sivananda Ayurvedic
Pharmacy in 1945, which now has grown to such an extent that it is even unable
to cope up with the increasing demands from people.
Swami
Sivananda organized the All-world Religions Federation on the 28th December
1945 and established the All-world Sadhus Federation on 19th February 1947. The
year 1947 saw a great expansion in the activities of the Society. It was the
year of the Diamond Jubilee of the Great Soul, when a number of buildings
sprang up. The Yoga-Vedanta Forest Academy was established in the year 1948 to
give a systematic spiritual training to the resident Sadhaks, and also to
benefit the visiting seekers.
Swami
Sivananda undertook a lightning All-India and Ceylon (Sri Lanka) tour in 1950
to deliver his divine message throughout the length and breadth of the country.
He virtually awakened the moral and spiritual consciousness in the hearts of
the people. The effect was tremendous. Since then there was an incessant flow
of seeking souls to the Ashram, as also a greater inflow of letters from
aspirants from the entire country, which demanded more intense dissemination of
knowledge. The Yoga-Vedanta Forest Academy Press was established in September
1951, a powerful means of wide dissemination of knowledge. Sri Swamiji convened
the World Parliament of Religions in 1953, at the Sivanandashram.
The
small dispensary that was inseparable from Swami Sivananda, grew slowly and
became regular Hospital with X-Ray and other facilities. The Sivananda Eye
Hospital was formally opened in December 1957. The Hospital has 10 beds for
in-patients at present and is being expanded to have 30 beds.
The
Publication League had published almost all the writings of the Master and a
need was felt by his disciples to do research in his works. This gave rise to
the establishment of the Sivananda Literature Research Institute in 1958,
which, among many things, decided to get the works of the Master translated and
published systematically in all the regional languages in India. Thus the
S.L.D. Committees was established in 1959 which has Regional Committees for
each language.
The
Society's Silver Jubilee was celebrated in 1961, by which time the Master saw
the fulfillment of his mission in his own lifetime.
Swami
Sivananda radiated his divine and lofty message of service, meditation and
God-realization to all parts of the world through his books, running to more
than three hundred, through periodicals and letters. His devoted disciples are
drawn from all religions, cults and creeds in the world.
Swami
Sivananda's Yoga, which he has significantly called the 'Yoga of Synthesis',
effects a harmonious development of the 'hand', 'head' and 'heart' through the
practice of Karma Yoga, Jnana Yoga and Bhakti Yoga.
On
the 14th of July 1963, the Great Soul Swami Sivananda entered Mahasamadhi
(departure of a Self-realized saint from his mortal coil) in his Kutir on the
bank of Ganga, in Shivanandanagar
Guruji. A. Sivaguru Swamy
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