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Karaikal
Ammayar
Karaikal Ammaiyar (Tamil: காரைக்கால் அம்மையார், which means
"the revered mother from Karaikkal"), one of the three women amongst
the 63 Nayanmars, is one of the greatest figures of early Tamil literature. She
was born at Karaikkal, South India, and probably lived during the 6th century.
She was a great devotee of Lord Shiva.
Early life
Karaikal is a maritime trading city in Chola Nadu.
Ammaiyar was born to Dhanathathanar, a merchant. From childhood, Ammaiyar grew
up with great love in god.In her childhood ammaiyaar built shivalinga using
sand. Ammaiyaar chanted the five letter mantra Namasivaya and attended to the
needs of Shaiva devotees.Even in her very young age, Ammaiyaar cared the shaiva
devotees like a mother.
Ammaiyaar was wedded to Paramathathan, the son of
a rich merchant in Nagapattinam. Shaiva devotees who visited her home were
lavishly fed and were given clothes and jewels.
Divine miracle
One day Ammaiyar's husband, Paramathathan, had
sent two mangoes to be kept for him. That day a hungry Shaiva devotee came to
her residence. As the luncheon was not yet ready, Ammaiyaar didn't wait for the
cooking to complete. Ammaiyaar gave the devotee, curd rice and one of the two
mangoes which her husband gave earlier. Later, when Ammaiyar's husband came
home, Ammaiyar served him the other mango. The mango was very delicious, and
her husband requested that the other mango be served. Ammaiyaar went inside
kitchen, and Ammaiyar didn't know what to do since the Mango is already served
to the adiyaar[siva's devotee]. With Lord Siva's grace a Divine Mango appeared
in her palm. Ammaiyaar was very happy and Ammaiyar served the Mango to her
husband.
As this fruit was divinely sweet and was
infinitely delicious compared to the previous one, her husband inquired as to
how Ammaiyar obtained this mango. Since her husband was not a proper devotee,
Ammaiyaar was afraid of revealing the God's grace. The rule is that God's grace
should not be revealed to non-devotees. But there is one more rule that when a
husband is asking something,the wife has to truthfully answer his questions.
Subsequently,Ammaiyar worshiped Lord's feet and revealed the truth to her
husband. Her husband didn't believe it. He asked her to show another mango with
divine help. Ammaiyar prayed to Lord Shiva for another mango and Ammaiyar
prayed Lord Shiva for that. Immediately Lord Shiva gave her a similar
mango,which she gave it to her husband. The mango then disappeared, and
Paramathathan realised the divine nature of his wife. Paramathathan understood
that Ammaiyar was worthy of worship and Ammaiyar cannot be treated as his wife.
He then deserted Ammaiyar, becoming a trader and married the daughter of a
merchant who then gave birth to their child. Paramathathan named the child with
the real name of Ammaiyar. When the word reached ammaiyar's family, they
decided that they must take her to him. When he saw his former wife, Paramathathan
addressed her reverentially, saying that he realised Ammaiyar was no ordinary
human being. He worshipped Ammaiyaar with his wife and child. Ammaiyar prayed
to Lord Shiva asking for a boon — that Ammaiyar may worship Lord Shiva as a
disembodied wraith. Ammaiyar received the boon, and leaving all her beauty and
her body behind. Then Ammaiyar graciously sang, "Arpudha
Thiruvandhaadhi" and "Thiru Irattai Mani Maalai". Ammaiyar
traveled to Mount Kailas, climbing it upside down on her head. There Goddess
parvathi, wife of Shiva, asked about ammaiyar. Lord Shiva told, Ammaiyar is the
mother who is taking care of ourselves. Ammaiyar worshiped shiva. shiva greeted
her with calling her "Ammaiye"(means, 'my mother!'), and Ammaiyar
replied "Appa"(father to all). Lord asked her wish to which Ammaiyar
replied, "I want endless and delightful love with you. I don't want to be
born again. Even if I have any birth, I should not forget you. When you perform
your holy dance, I want to be beneath in your feet and I want to sing your
praise in joy." The Lord granted the boon and asked Ammaiyar to come to
Thiruvalangadu, where He is performing one of the holy dances (oordhuva
thandava). Ammaiyar visited Thiruvalangadu, walking on her holy head. Ammaiyar
sang 'ThiruAalangaatu Mootha Thirupathigam 1' and 'ThiruAalangaatu Mootha
Thirupathigam 2'. Ammaiyar blissfully sings under the feet of Dancing Lord
In art
In 1954, A.L. Basham published a photograph in his
The Wonder that was India depicting an ascetic or demonic female figure that he
wrongly called "Kali as Demoness playing Cymbals", and in 1955,
Heinrich Zimmer also wrongly called this female character "Kali". One
year later, this type of figure was identified as the Tamil Nayanar Karaikkal
Ammaiyar by Jean Filliozat in Kârâvêlane’s Kâreikkâlammeiyâr: œvres éditées et
traduites. In 1956, Kârâvêlane and Jean Filliozat presented a publication that
included the first French translation of the verses ascribed to the Tamil
saint-poet Karaikkal Ammaiyar, which probably dated to the 6th or 7th century.
Karaikkal Ammaiyar was depicted in South Indian art from the 11th century
onwards. The publication included several plates depicting the female Nayanar,
in bronze, stone, or as being a part of a temple structure. A dancing Shiva on
the south wall of the Brihadeeswarar Temple at Gangaikonda Cholapuram (c. AD
1025) shows, on Shiva Nataraja’s right side, an emaciated female figure playing
the cymbals and displaying ascetic or demonic features. The Statue has wild
uncombed hair, pointed shrivelled breasts, and a fierce facial expression.
Filliozat identified this figure as Karaikkal Ammaiyar.
This depiction of the squatting female figure was
published by Hermann Kulke in 1970 in his analysis of the religious and
historical background of Cidambaram in Tamil Nadu based on the
Cidambaramahatmya. In 1976 Mireille Bénisti published an article in which she
states that the figure of Karaikkal Ammaiyar is depicted in Khmer art,
especially in Cambodia. On a lintel from Vat Baset in Cambodia she found a figure
that she interpreted as the emaciated Tamil Nayanar Karaikkal Ammaiyar.
However, the study of Peter de Bruijn published in 2007 pointed out that
similar emaciated female figures are to be found in Southeast Asia, but cannot
be identified as Karaikkal Ammaiyar.
Guruji. A. Sivaguru Swamy
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Skype – sivaguruswamy29
45/2, Opp.Railway Station, Sirkali Tq, Vaitheeswaran Koil,
Naagai Dist, Tamilnadu–609 117
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