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Satyavan
Savitri & the God of Death
The oldest known version of the story of Savitri
and Satyavan is found in “The Book of the Forest” of the Mahabharata.
The story occurs as a multiple embedded narrative
in the Mahabharata told by Markandeya to the Pandavas
The childless king of Madra, Ashwapati, lives
ascetically for many years and offers oblations to Sun God Savitr. His consort
is Malavi. He wishes to have a son for his lineage.
Finally, pleased by the prayers, God Savitr appears
to him and grants him a boon: he will soon have a daughter. The king is joyful
at the prospect of a child. She is born and named Savitri in honor of the god.
Savitri is born out of devotion and asceticism, traits she will herself
practice.
Savitri is so beautiful and pure, she intimidates
all the men in the vicinity.
When she reaches the age of marriage, no man asks
for her hand, so her father tells her to find a husband on her own. She sets
out on a pilgrimage for this purpose and finds Satyavan, the son of a blind
king named Dyumatsena, who after he had lost everything including his sight,
lives in exile as a forest-dweller.
Savitri returns to find her father speaking with
Sage Narada who announces that Savitri has made a bad choice: although perfect
in every way, Satyavan is destined to die one year from that day. In response
to her father’s pleas to choose a more suitable husband, Savitri insists that
she will choose her husband but once. After Narada announces his agreement with
Savitri, Ashwapati acquiesces.
Savitri and Satyavan are married, and she goes to
live in the forest. Immediately after the marriage, Savitri wears the clothing
of a hermit and lives in perfect obedience and respect to her new
parents-in-law and husband.
Three days before the foreseen death of Satyavan,
Savitri takes a vow of fasting and vigil. Her father-in-law tells her she has
taken on too harsh of a regimen, but Savitri replies that she has taken an oath
to perform these austerities, at which Dyumatsena offers his support.
The morning of Satyavan’s predicted death, Savitri
asks for her father-in-law’s permission to accompany her husband into the
forest. Since she has never asked for anything during the entire year she has
spent at the hermitage, Dyumatsena grants her wish.
They go and while Satyavan is splitting wood, he
suddenly becomes weak and lays his head in Savitri’s lap under Grand Banayan
Tree ( Vat Vriksha).
The Yamadoots Agents of Death God came for
Satyavaan Soul but were not able to approach near the dead body of Satyavan as
it was in the protection of his Pativratha wife Savitri.
Then Yama himself, the Death God, comes to claim
the soul of Satyavan. Savitri follows Yama as he carries the soul away. When he
tries to convince her to turn back, she offers successive formulas of wisdom.
First she praises obedience to Dharma, then friendship with the strict, then
Yama himself for his just rule, then Yama as King of Dharma, and finally noble
conduct with no expectation of return. Impressed at each speech, Yama praises both
the content and style of her words and offers any boon, except the life of
Satyavan. She first asks for eyesight and restoration of the kingdom for her
father-in-law, then a hundred sons for her father, and then a hundred sons for
herself and Satyavan. The last wish creates a dilemma for Yama, as it would
indirectly grant the life of Satyavan. However, impressed by Savitri’s
dedication and purity, he offers one more time for her to choose any boon, but
this time omitting “except for the life of Satyavan”. Savitri instantly asks
for Satyavan to return to life. Yama grants life to Satyavan and blesses
Savitri’s life with eternal happiness.
Satyavan awakens as though he has been in a deep
sleep and returns to his parents along with his wife. Meanwhile at their home,
Dyumatsena regains his eyesight before Savitri and Satyavan return. Since
Satyavan still does not know what happened, Savitri relays the story to her
parents-in-law, husband, and the gathered ascetics. As they praise her,
Dyumatsena’s ministers arrive with news of the death of his usurper. Joyfully,
the king and his entourage return to his kingdom.
Vat Savitri Vrat
The Vat Savitri Vrat falls on the full moon day of
the month of Jyeshtha, around May-June.The married Women observe Vat Savitri
Vrat with the intention of preserving their husbands good fortune.On this day,
women fast and worship the Vat (Bargad) tree to pray for the growth and
strength of their husdand and families.All Hindu women observe this festival
worshiping and propitiating Savitri as a Devi. On this day, early morning the
women take bath and wear new clothes, new bangles and apply vermilion on the
fore-head and the hair-parting line. Then Savitri is worshiped.
It is a fasting day for married women. The ritual
practiced for Vat Savitri is meant for the well being and long life of the
husband. The worship of banyan tree comes in probably because when the moment
of death approached Satyavan took shelter under the shade of this tree. Women
should make a sankalpa in the form ” I shall perform Savitri vrat for securing
long life and health to my husband and my sons and for securing freedom from
wildness.
On this day, community worship is performed by
married women for the health and longevity of their husbands. Women bathe early
in the morning. Then, they gather at the nearest Vat (banyan) tree to pray for
the long lives of their husbands.
Images of Goddess Savithri & Brahma with
imagesof Satyavan Savitri is made from
wet sand and kept at the roots of the Banyan Tree
for worshiping.
In the roots of the Banyan Tree lies Brahma, in
the stem/ barks lie Janardan and in the above portion lies Shiva and in
totality lies Devi Savitri. Vat (Banyan tree) is worshipped with incense flower
and rice. After this, women circumambulate the tree and tie the sacred thread
to the banyan tree. They bless each other for long and happy conjugal lives.
After returning home, women draw a Banyan tree using a paste made of turmeric
and sandalwood. They sit near the drawing and pray & listen the Story of
Satyavan Savitri.
After worshipping Vat (Banyan tree and Savitri
Goddess) one worships women whose husband is alive. They apply Sindoor
(vermilion) Kumkum to these women. To accomplish this vow in totality women
offer clothes, fruits, Sindoor (Vermilion) kumkum etc in a copper vessel to a
Brahmin. This festival is celebrated throughout India
Guruji. A. Sivaguru Swamy
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Skype – sivaguruswamy29
45/2, Opp.Railway Station, Sirkali Tq, Vaitheeswaran Koil,
Naagai Dist, Tamilnadu–609 117
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