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José Eduardo dos Santos
José dos Santos
is the President of Angola, the seventh largest country of South Africa. As a
young boy, he showed a strong interest in politics, joining the 'People's
Movement for the Liberation of Angola' ('MPLA'), while he was still in school.
He pursued his higher education from the 'Azerbaijan Oil and Chemistry
Institute', eventually returning to his homeland. Once back home, he joined the
'MPLA' once again, and played a significant role in the Angolan struggle for
independence from the Portuguese colonial rule. Soon after independence, he was
made the Minister of Foreign Affairs, and later the Minister of Planning.
Thereafter, he was appointed as the President of Angola, an office that he has
been holding for the last thirty-six years. When he became the President, he
was also made the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces. The following year,
he became the President of the 'People's Assembly'. Initially he was popular,
despite the civil war led by opposition political parties, but soon elections
were withheld and the president continued to remain in office, without the
votes of the citizens. The new constitution said that the leader of any party
that wins the legislative elections will be announced as the President. Since
'MPLA' won recently, he was re-appointed as the President, and continues to
serve in this capacity
Childhood & Early Life
· José Eduardo
dos Santos was born to Avelino and his wife Jacinta Paulino, on August 28, 1942,
in the Sambizanga district of Luanda, Angola. His parents were refugees from
the island of São Tomé and PrÃncipe in the Gulf of Guinea.
· Having received
elementary education in Luanda, he pursued his secondary education from 'Liceu
Salvador Correia', which is now known as ‘Mutu ya Kevela’.
· While still in
school, the young boy became a member of the political party 'People's Movement
for the Liberation of Angola'. During the same period, the Portuguese were
ruling the country, and owing to their suppression, José had to seek refuge in
the neighbouring Republic of the Congo.
· From Congo, he
relocated to the Soviet Union, and in 1969, he graduated in radar
communications and in petroleum engineering from the 'Azerbaijan Oil and
Chemistry Institute' in the Republic of Azerbaijan.
Career
§ In 1970, Santos
came back to Angola, and re-joined the guerrilla troops of 'People's Movement
for the Liberation of Angola' ('MPLA'). This branch of 'MPLA' was called the
'People's Armed Forces for the Liberation of Angola' ('FAPLA').
§ He served as
the radio transmitter of 'FAPLA', in the Cabinda Province, and four years later he was made sub-commander
of the region's telecom branch.
§ As a
representative of 'MPLA', he travelled to Congo, Yugoslavia, and China,
subsequently becoming a member of the 'Central Committee' and 'Politburo' of
the MPLA, in Moxico, Angola.
§ In 1975, José
took over the administration of 'Department of Foreign Affairs' and the
'Department of Health', belonging to the 'MPLA'. When Angola attained freedom
from the Portuguese rule, the 'MPLA' came into power.
§ However a civil
war broke out, led by the opposition parties 'National Union for the Total
Independence of Angola' ('UNITA') and 'National Liberation Front of Angola'
('FNLA').
§ The political
leader became the first Minister of Foreign Affairs of Angola, in 1975,
and three years later he was
appointed as the Minister of Planning.
§ On September
10, 1979, José became the President of the 'MPLA', and ten days later, he was sworn in as the
President of Angola. During the same period, he was also made the
Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces.
§ The next year,
November 9, 1980, the President was appointed as the speaker of the ‘People's
Assembly’.
§ In the 1992
presidential elections, the President of Angola defeated his opposition
candidate Jonas Savimbi. However, a second round of elections was held since
neither had received 50% votes.
§ The elections
were believed to have been rigged, and innumerable protestors were killed by
the 'MPLA' army. This three-day war resulting in the death of protestors came
to be known as the 'Halloween Massacre'.
§ Following the
massacre, Savimbi gave up the elections to join the on-going civil war, and
Santos continued to serve as the President of the country.
§ In 2001, the
President declared his decision to retire from the post after the next
elections. Two years later, he was once
again appointed as the President of 'MPLA', and no subsequent elections were
held.
§ In the
legislative elections of 2008, 'MPLA' won by a majority, and set about preparing
a new constitution. According to the amendments made, the head of the political
party that wins most number of seats in the Parliament would be appointed as
the President.
§ The President
co-founded the 'African Countries Diamond Producers Association' in November
2006, with the aim of helping in the growth of foreign investment in the
diamond industry of almost twenty African countries.
§ When the 'MPLA'
won most of the seats in the 2012 parliamentary elections, José remained in
office, according to the rules of the new constitution.
§ During his
political career, this President has also faced controversy, where he has been
accused of building up his wealth at the cost of the standard of living of
citizens of Angola. When the Parliament prohibited the President from investing
in companies, the political leader made his daughter plough money instead.
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Major Works
§ The President,
who has been in office since 1979, is known for having played a major role in
the independence movement of Angola, and also in promoting peace and democracy
in the country.
Awards &
Achievements
§ In 2014, the
magazine 'Africa World' named the Angolan President 'Man of the Year',
honouring his contribution to the democracy and economy of Angola.
Personal Life
& Legacy
§ The President
has been married thrice, and has six children. Presently, he is married to Ana
Paula dos Santos, who used to be a fashion model and airhostess of the Angolan
presidential aircraft.
§ Amongst his
children, the most famous are José Filomeno, a son with second wife LuÃsa
Perdigão Abrantes, and Isabel, daughter of his first wife Tatiana Kukanova.
Isabel is one of the richest businesswomen in Africa and Filomeno is the
Chairman of Angola’s monetary fund.
§ In 2014,
PatrÃcio Batsîkam, an Angolan historian published a book, 'José Eduardo dos
Santos e a ideia da Nação Angolana' ('José Eduardo dos Santos and the idea of
the Angolan Nation'), delving into the regime of the President.
Net Worth
§ It is estimated
that the President of Angola has a net worth of 20 billion dollars.
Trivia
§ According to
government reports, in 2010, this President of Angola narrowly escaped being
assassinated, when a car containing weapons obstructed his vehicle. The
President’s bodyguard fired at two passengers in the other car, killing them,
and later discovered the hidden arms
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