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Henri Cartier-Bresson
Henri Cartier-Bresson was a French
photographer. Born into a bourgeois family, he enjoyed the benefit of indulging
in the arts. As a young boy, he owned a Box Brownie that he used for taking
holiday snapshots. Later in life, he would purchase a Leica camera with 50 mm
lens. He entered Lhote Academy of Cubist painter and sculptor André Lhote in
Paris. He attended the University of Cambridge, and studied English, art and
literature. He then completed his mandatory service in the French Army. During
World War II, he was a Corporal in the Film and Photo unit. He was captured by
German soldiers, and spent 35 months in Nazi prisoner-of-war camps. He covered
the coronation of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth focusing on the people
lining the London streets. He worked with photographers like David “Chim”
Seymour and Robert Capa with whom he formed Magnum Photos. He was assigned to
India and China. In India, he photographed Mahatma Gandhi just 15 minutes
before he was shot dead. He covered the Chinese Civil War, and was the first
Western photographer to photograph “freely” in the post-war Soviet Union. He
founded the Henri Cartier-Bresson Foundation with his wife and daughter to
preserve and share his legacy.
Childhood & Early
Life
· Henri Cartier-Bresson was born in
Chanteloup-en-Brie, Seine-et-Marne, France, on August 22, 1908. His father was
a wealthy textile manufacturer, while his mother’s family were cotton merchants
and landowners from Normandy.
· Young Henri owned a Box Brownie that he used
for taking holiday snapshots. He later experimented with a 3×4 inch view
camera. His parents raised him in traditional French bourgeois fashion.
· He attended École Fénelon, a Catholic school.
His uncle Louis introduced him to oil painting. The painting lessons were cut
short, when his uncle died in World War I.
Career and Later Life
§ In 1927, Cartier-Bresson entered Lhote
Academy, the studio of Cubist painter and sculptor André Lhote in Paris. He
studied classical artists and contemporary art. He also studied painting with
portraitist Jacques Émile Blanche.
§ From 1928 to 1929, Cartier-Bresson attended
the University of Cambridge, where he studied English, art and literature, and
became bilingual. He then completed his mandatory service in the French Army,
stationed at Le Bourget.
§ In 1929, his air squadron commandant placed
him under house arrest for hunting without license. American expatriate Harry
Crosby persuaded the officer to release Cartier-Bresson into his custody. They
spent time taking and printing pictures.
§ He went to Côte d’Ivoire in French colonial
Africa. He survived by shooting and selling game. He took a portable camera.
However, only seven photographs survived the tropics.
§ He returned to France in late 1931, and
deepened his relationship with the Surrealists. The photographs taken by
Hungarian photojournalist Martin Munkacsi inspired him to take up photography
seriously.
§ He acquired a Leica camera with 50 mm lens in
Marseilles. To maintain anonymity to overcome the formal and unnatural behavior
of his subjects, he painted its shiny parts with black paint.
§ He photographed Berlin, Brussels, Warsaw,
Prague, Budapest and Madrid. His first photograph exhibition was at the Julien
Levy Gallery in New York in 1932, and subsequently at the Ateneo Club in
Madrid.
§ He met photographers David “Chim” Seymour and
Robert Capa, They shared a studio, and Capa mentored Cartier-Bresson. In 1935,
he traveled to the US to exhibit his work at New York’s Julien Levy Gallery.
§ He returned to France, and approached Jean
Renoir. He acted in Renoir’s “Partie de champagne” and “La Règle du jeu”. He
helped Renoir make a film on the 200 families who ran France.
§ In 1937, he covered the coronation of King
George VI and Queen Elizabeth, for the French weekly Regards. He focused on the
people lining the London streets alone. His photo credit read “Cartier”.
§ Between 1937 and 1939, he worked as a
photographer for the French Communists’ evening paper, Ce Soir. He was a
leftist, but he did not join the French Communist party.
§ He joined the French Army during World War II
as a Corporal in the Film and Photo unit. In 1940, he was captured by German
soldiers and spent 35 months in Nazi prisoner-of-war camps.
§ He tried twice to escape from the prison camp,
and was punished by solitary confinement. Successful at the third attempt, he
hid on a farm in Touraine, and with false papers traveled to France.
§ In France, he went underground, aided other
escapees, and worked secretly with other photographers to cover the Occupation,
and then the Liberation of France. In 1943, he recovered his buried Leica
camera.
§ During the Chinese Civil War in 1949, he
covered the Kuomintang’s last six months, and the Maoist People’s Republic’s
first six months. He also photographed the last surviving Imperial eunuchs in
Beijing.
§ Cartier-Bresson held his first exhibition in
France at the Pavillon de Marsan in the Louvre in 1955. He became the first
Western photographer to photograph “freely” in the post-war Soviet Union.
§ Cartier-Bresson withdrew as a principal of
Magnum in 1966. He retired from photography, and returned to drawing and
painting. He held his first exhibition of drawings at the Carlton Gallery in
New York.
Major Works
§ Cartier-Bresson’s book, “The Photographs of
Henri Cartier-Bresson” was published in 1947. Along with Robert Capa, David
Seymour, William Vandivert and George Rodger, he founded Magnum Photos, a
cooperative picture agency owned by its members.
§ Magnum’s assignment took him to India and
China. He achieved international recognition for his photograph of Gandhi, 15
minutes before he was shot dead and the coverage of Gandhi’s funeral in India
in 1948.
§ In 1952, Cartier-Bresson published his book
“Images à la sauvette”. Its English edition was titled “The Decisive Moment”.
It included a portfolio of 126 of his photos. Henri Matisse drew the cover.
Awards & Achievements
§ Cartier-Bresson won the Overseas Press Club of
America Award four times from 1948 to 1964. Other awards during that time
include The A.S.M.P. Award, and The Prix de la Société française de
photographie.
§ From 1974 to 2006, he was awarded The Culture
Prize, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Photographie, Grand Prix National de la
Photographie, Hasselblad Award, and Prix Nadar for the photobook Henri
Cartier-Bresson: Scrapbook.
Personal Life & Legacy
§ In 1929, Cartier-Bresson embraced the open
sexuality offered by Crosby and his wife Caresse. He had an intense sexual
relationship with her. His affair ended in heartbreak two years after Crosby
committed suicide.
§ In 1937, he married Javanese dancer, Ratna
Mohini. They divorced after 30 years of married life. Three years later, he married Magnum photographer Martine
Franck. The couple had a daughter, Mélanie.
§ In 2003, he created the Henri Cartier-Bresson
Foundation with his wife and daughter to preserve and share his legacy.
§ He died in Montjustin, France, on August 3,
2003, and was buried in the local cemetery.
Trivia
After contracting
blackwater fever, this photographer instructed his grandfather to bury him in
Normandy while Debussy’s String Quartet was played. His uncle replied his
grandfather finds it expensive, and prefers that he return first.Online Nadi Astrology Lakdi Ka Pul Hyderabad, Online Nadi Jothidam Lakdi Ka Pul Hyderabad, Online Nadi Jyotish Lakdi Ka Pul Hyderabad, Online Nadi Shashtra Lakdi Ka Pul Hyderabad, Online Nadi Jyothish Lakdi Ka Pul Hyderabad, Online Nadi Josiyam Lakdi Ka Pul Hyderabad, Online Nadi Consultation Lakdi Ka Pul Hyderabad, Online Nadi Thumb Impression Astrology Lakdi Ka Pul Hyderabad, Online Ola Josiyam Lakdi Ka Pul Hyderabad, Online Talagiri Josiyam Lakdi Ka Pul Hyderabad, Nadi Astrology Lakdi Ka Pul Hyderabad, Nadi Jothidam Lakdi Ka Pul Hyderabad, Nadi Jyotish Lakdi Ka Pul Hyderabad, Nadi Shashtra Lakdi Ka Pul Hyderabad, Nadi Jyothish Lakdi Ka Pul Hyderabad, Nadi Josiyam Lakdi Ka Pul Hyderabad, Nadi Consultation Lakdi Ka Pul Hyderabad, Nadi Thumb Impression Astrology Lakdi Ka Pul Hyderabad, Ola Josiyam Lakdi Ka Pul Hyderabad, Talagiri Josiyam Lakdi Ka Pul Hyderabad, Astrology Lakdi Ka Pul Hyderabad, Online Siva Nadi Astrology Lakdi Ka Pul Hyderabad, Online Shiva Nadi Astrology Lakdi Ka Pul Hyderabad, Online Nadi Jothidam Lakdi Ka Pul Hyderabad, Online Agasthiya Nadi Astrology Lakdi Ka Pul Hyderabad, Online Agasthiyar Nadi Astrology Lakdi Ka Pul Hyderabad, Siva Nadi Astrology Lakdi Ka Pul Hyderabad, Shiva Nadi Astrology Lakdi Ka Pul Hyderabad, Nadi Jothidam Lakdi Ka Pul Hyderabad, Agasthiya Nadi Astrology Lakdi Ka Pul Hyderabad, Agasthiyar Nadi Astrology Lakdi Ka Pul Hyderabad, Best Online Nadi Astrology Lakdi Ka Pul Hyderabad, Famous Online Nadi Astrology Lakdi Ka Pul Hyderabad, Popular Online Nadi Astrology Lakdi Ka Pul Hyderabad, Online Generation Nadi Astrology, Genuine Online Nadi Astrology Lakdi Ka Pul Hyderabad, Best Nadi Astrology Lakdi Ka Pul Hyderabad, Famous Nadi Astrology Lakdi Ka Pul Hyderabad, Popular Nadi Astrology Lakdi Ka Pul Hyderabad, Genuine Nadi Astrology Lakdi Ka Pul Hyderabad, Generation Nadi Astrology Lakdi Ka Pul Hyderabad, Vaitheeswaran Koil Nadi Astrology Lakdi Ka Pul Hyderabad, Vaitheeswaran Koil Nadi Astrology Lakdi Ka Pul Hyderabad, Vaitheeswaran Koil Nadi Astrology Online, Vaitheeswaran Koil Nadi Jothidam Online, Vaitheeswaran Koil Sivanadi Astrology Online, Vaitheeswaran Koil Shivanadi Astrology Online, Vaitheeswaran Koil Sivanadi Jothidam Online, Vaitheeswaran Koil Shivanadi Jothidam Online, Vaitheeswaran Koil Agasthiya Sivanadi Astrology Online, Vaitheeswaran Koil Agasthiya Nadi Astrology Online, Vaitheeswaran Koil Naadi Astrology Online, Online Naadi Astrology Vaitheeswaran Koil, Online Astrology Nadi, Online Astrology Naadi, Nadi Astrology, Nadi Jothidam, Nadi Josyam, Nadi Jothish, Nadi Jyotish
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