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Elisabeth Bergner
Elisabeth
Bergner was an internationally reputed film and stage actress who shot to fame
with her title role in Max Reinhardt’s production of George Bernard Shaw’s
‘Saint Joan’ in Berlin. Beginning her acting career in Zurich and then moving
on to Berlin, this wistful and fragile beauty made quite a name over the next
decade performing on stage as well on-screen that include films directed by her
would-be-husband Paul Czinner. Her stage enactment as Rosalind in ‘As You Like
It’ that she performed in a record 566 consecutive shows not only brought her
accolades from theatregoers but also earned her kudos from the critics. While
she reached pinnacle of success with films like ‘Der träumende Mund’ and ‘Ariane’
in the early 1930s, her Jewish background forced her to leave Germany in 1933
following the rise of Hitler and the Nazis. She moved to England where her
stage debut in ‘Escape Me Never’ as Gemma Jones received accolades from the
audience that saw her recreating the role in its film version, which eventually
earned her an Academy Award nomination for ‘Best Actress’. The appeal of this
blonde beauty combined with a female desire for liberation made her rule over
hearts both as screen as well as stage idol in the midst of interwar Europe.
Some of her notable films include ‘Paris Calling’, ‘Der Fußgänger’, ‘Catherine
the Great’ and ‘As You Like It’. She received ‘Cross of Merit for Science and
Art’ in 1980 and ‘Eleonora Duse Prize Asolo’ in 1982.
Childhood & Early Life
· She was born on
August 22, 1897, in Drohobych, Austro-Hungarian Empire, to Emil Ettel and his
wife Anna Rosa (née Wagner). Her father was a merchant.
· She was raised
in Vienna along with her elder sister Theodora (Lola) and her younger brother
Friedrich.
· At first she
attended a private acting school in 1911 and thereafter she attended the
Academy for Music and the Performing Arts from 1912 to 1915.
Career
§ She was
introduced to the young poet Albert Ehrenstein by one of her friends and it was
through Ehrenstein that she got her first theatre work in Innsbruck that saw
her marking her debut in stage acting in October 1915. Soon she landed up with
a major part in Ibsen’s ‘A Doll’s House’.
§ Ehrenstein who
was called Xaverl by Bergner fell in love with her and wrote several poems for
her. Although once she promised him a child, Bergner later changed her decision
and often maintained distance from him. However their friendship continued.
§ She relocated
to Zurich in 1916 and performed roles like Annchen in Max Halber’s ‘Jugend’ and
Ophelia in Alexander Moissi’s ‘Hamlet’ in the famous ‘Stadttheater’. The famous
Albanian stage actor Alexander Moissi also fell in love with her ardently but
she did not reciprocate.
§ Moving on with
her career she went to Vienna where she had a stint as a model of the gifted
but depressed expressionist sculpture Wilhelm Lehmbruck, who fell in love with
her but met with rejection. Lehmbruck soon took his own life which shocked
Bergner.
§ The theatre
audience were enchanted with the series of excellent performances of Bergner
starting with the first of her androgynous trouser roles as Rosalind in ‘As You
Like It’, which gave her much recognition. Her other notable performances that
followed were as Elfie in ‘Schloss Wetterstein’, Cassandra in ‘The Trojan
Women’ and Lulu in ‘Erdgeist’.
§ While the
‘First World War’ was in full swing, she got acquainted with the leaders of
‘Dada’ movement in Zurich and also came in close association of other imminent
personalities like Jewish German poet and playwright Else Lasker-Schüler,
German playwright Benjamin Wedekind and Austrian-Bohemian novelist, playwright,
and poet Franz Viktor Werfel.
§ After returning
to Vienna in 1918 she joined Austrian Communist Party.
§ In 1919 during
Hungarian revolution under the leadership of Béla Kun, Bergner acted as a
messenger between Kun and other leaders of the party. Simultaneously she
carried on with stage performances that included Arnold Zweig’s ‘Die Sendung
Semaels’ and August Strindberg’s ‘Miss Julie’.
§ She was brought
to Munich by German theatre director, manager and writer Otto Falckenberg in
1920. After receiving plaudits from critics for her performance in Hugo von
Hofmannsthal’s ‘Der Schwierige’ in 1921 followed by her guest appearance in
Berlin, she relocated to the country’s capital.
§ Her
performances in the productions of renowned theatre director Max Reinhardt gave
her immense popularity in Berlin. Added to that was success of her record 566
consecutive performances reprising the role of Rosalind in ‘As You Like It’ at
the ‘Lessing Theater’ under Victor Barnowsky.
§ After making
her mark on stage she endeavoured into films making her debut in Danish film
director Holger-Madsen’s film ‘Der Evangelimann’ in 1924. Same year she
performed in Hungarian Jewish writer, producer and film director Paul Czinner’s
film ‘Husbands or Lovers’ that marked the inception of a successful
professional collaboration between the duo as also a personal relationship that
eventually culminated into marriage.
§ Following the
rise of Nazis in Germany she immigrated to Vienna and then to London with
Czinner.
§ Over the
decades Czinner directed a series of her films that include ‘The Fiddler of
Florence’ (1926), ‘Miss Else’ (1929), ‘Dreaming Lips’ (1932 and 1937),
‘Catherine the Great’ (1934), ‘Escape Me Never’ (1935), and ‘As You Like It’
(1936) among others. Of these ‘Miss Else’ remained her most successful silent
movie; and ‘Escape Me Never’ garnered huge success in New York and London
fetching her ‘Academy Award for Best Actress’ nomination.
§ The film ‘As
You Like It’ where she reprised her role of Rosalind from the play of same
title, remained the first ever sound film adapted from a Shakespearean play
that was filmed in England.
§ Her film
‘Catherine the Great’ faced ban in Germany as the Nazis were infuriated by her
activities that included encouraging many reputed actors to leave Germany and
aiding them financially in that pursuit. The Nazis staged a public riot during
screening of the film in Berlin and went on to ban all her films as also initiated
a crusade against artists of Jewish background.
§ Her only
Hollywood movie the Edwin L. Marin directed American war film ‘Paris Calling’
released in 1941 could not garner much success.
§ She continued
her stage performances with plays like J.M. Barrie’s ‘The Boy David’ (1936),
Margaret Kennedy’s ‘Escape Me Never’ and John Webster's ‘The Duchess of Malfi’
(1946). Her last stage performance was in Istvan Örkeny’s ‘Catsplay’ in 1973.
§ In 1954 she
briefly returned to Germany and performed on stage and in films.
§ The Maximilian
Schell directed 1974 film ‘Der Fußgänger’ (English title – ‘The Pedestrian)
that won the ‘Golden Globe Award’ for Best Foreign Language Film and bagged an
‘Academy Award’ nomination saw her performing as Frau Lilienthal.
§ In 1978 she
published her memoirs ‘Bewundert viel und viel gescholten’ subtitled ‘Elisabeth
Bergners unordentliche Erinnerungen’ that received positive reviews.
Personal Life
& Legacy
§ In 1933 she got
married to film director Paul Czinner in London. The couple became British citizens
in 1938.
§ In 1939 before
the September 1 attack by
Germany on Poland, her mother and Theodora joined her in London. While staying
in London she financially aided many relatives and friends.
§ On May 12,
1986, she died in her London residence after suffering from cancer. Her
cremation was performed on May 15, 1986, at ‘Golders Green Crematorium’ and her
ashes were interred in West Cloister.
Trivia
§ A city park in Steglitz-Zehlendorf is named after her.
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