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Ray Bradbury
Raymond Douglas Bradbury was one of the most
distinguished and celebrated American authors of the 20th and 21st century. He
was an essayist, poet, novelist, playwright, short story writer and
screenwriter, renowned for his writings in genres like horror, fantasy, mystery
fiction and science fiction. Though he received recognition as a bold writer
with a vision for his science fiction, ‘The Martian Chronicles’, he shot to
fame with his masterpiece, ‘Fahrenheit 451’, a dystopian novel considered to be
his best work. His other notable works include ‘The Illustrated Man’, ‘There
Will Come Soft Rains’, ‘The October Country’ and ‘Quicker Than the Eye’. His
body of works include around six hundred short stories, thirty books, several
plays, poems and essays. Four ‘Best American Short Story’ anthologies include
his works. His creative visions were not only limited to his writings. He
hosted the ‘Ray Bradbury Theater’, created the interior metaphors at ‘Epcot's’
‘Spaceship Earth’ in the ‘Disney World’ and served ‘United States Pavilion’ as
creative consultant during ‘New York World's Fair’. His animated film ‘Icarus
Montgolfier Wright’ earned him a nomination for the ‘Academy Awards’ while his
1993 teleplay ‘The Halloween Tree’ (adapted from his 1972 novel) earned him an
‘Emmy Award’ in 1994.
Childhood & Early
Life
· He was born on August 22, 1920, in Waukegan,
Illinois, to Leonard Spaulding Bradbury and Ester Moberg Bradbury. His father
was a lineman for telephone and power utilities.
· Due to his father’s job the family stayed in
Tucson, Arizona, from 1926 to 1927 and again from 1932 to 1933, and every time
they returned back to Waukegan.
· He was an ardent reader of adventure and
fantasy fiction since childhood and spent a lot of time at ‘Carnegie library’
in Waukegan. His favourite writers included Edgar Allan Poe, Edgar Rice
Burroughs and Jules Verne among others.
· He started penning down his own stories in
1931 at eleven years of age. According to him, he imitated works of Poe till he
was eighteen.
· Two incidents made a mark on him as a child
triggering him to take up the habit of writing daily. The first one was as a
three year old when he accompaned his mother to see the performance of Lon
Chaney in ‘The Hunchback of Norte Dame’ while the second one was an encounter
with Mr. Electrico, a carnival entertainer in 1932’.
· He was a great magic enthusiast and said if
not a writer, he would have been a magician.
· In 1934 the family relocated to Los Angeles
where his father got a job of making wires for a cable company. He studied at
‘Los Angeles High School’ and actively participated in drama and poetry clubs.
· He often used to roll-skate around Hollywood
to get autographs or at least a sneak peak of famous celebrities. In this
pursuit he saw Marlene Dietrich, Laurel and Hardy, Mae West and Norma Shearer
among others.
· This way he came across radio star George
Burns who hired him as a writer for ‘Burns and Allen’ show when he was
fourteen.
Career
§ In January 1938, his story ‘Hollerbochen's
Dilemma’ was published in ‘Imagination!’ - a fanzine of Forrest J. Ackerman and
the same year he completed his graduation. Since then Bradbury, fascinated by
science fictional characters like Buck Rogers and Flash Gordon, began to write
and publish his own science fictions in fanzines.
§ Ackerman funded him in July 1939 to visit New
York City to attend the ‘First World Science Fiction Convention’ and also
sponsored ‘Futuria Fantasia’, Bradbury’s fanzine. Four issues of the fanzine
were published - restricted to 100 copies each and most of its contents were
written by him.
§ He wrote and performed in many plays for
‘Wilshire Players Guild’ for two years beginning 1939.
§ His poor eyesight prohibited him from joining
the army during the ‘Second World War’. He thus concentrated on his writing
that saw him contributing in ‘Script’, a film magazine of Rob Wagner during
1940 to 1947.
§ His early earnings included $15 for
‘Pendulum’, a piece written by him and Henry Hasse and published in November
1941 in the pulp magazine, ‘Super Science Stories’.
§ In 1942, his first story, ‘The Lake’ was sold
at $13.75.
§ ‘Dark Carnival’, his compilation of short
stories was published in ‘Arkham House’ in 1947. The same year his story
‘Homecoming’ was rejected by ‘Weird Tales’. It was then published by
‘Mademoiselle’ and earned a position in ‘The O. Henry Prize Stories’ that very
year.
§ His first prominent work ‘The Martian
Chronicles’ which he considered as fantasy and not science fiction was
published in 1950. It dealt with colonization of humans in Mars and their
conflict with the Martian inhabitants.
§ In 1953, his masterpiece ‘Fahrenheit 451’ was
published. It was initially written as ‘The Fireman’ in about 25,000 words, but
later expanded to around 50,000 words. Written in a study room of ‘Powell
Library’ in ‘UCLA’ with the aid of a hired typewriter, the novel tells about a
futuristic American society where books are prohibited and burned if found by
‘firemen’.
§ He worked as a consultant for many screenplays
and TV scripts, which includes ‘Moby Dick’ in 1956.
§ During the 1964 ‘New York World's Fair’, he
served the ‘United States Pavilion’ as creative consultant.
§ His semi-autobiographical classics include
‘Dandelion Wine’ (1957), ‘Something Wicked This Way Comes’ (1962), and
‘Farewell Summer’ (2006). Many of his fictional works include ‘Green Town’, a
pseudonym for his hometown Waukegan where fantasies hold no bar.
§ The ‘Ray Bradbury Theater’, a television
series hosted by him, featured sixty five of his short stories. The first two
seasons were run on ‘HBO’ (1985-86), while next four were featured on ‘USA
Network’ (1988-92) and later reruns on ‘Sci Fi Channel’.
§ The interior metaphors at ‘Epcot's’ ‘Spaceship
Earth’ in the ‘Disney World’ were created by him in 1982. He was also involved
in conceptualising ‘Orbitron’ space ride at France’s Euro Disney.
§ Many of his stories were adapted by comic book
writers. Some such comic books are ‘Weird Science’, ‘Tales from the Crypt’,
‘Weird Fantasy’ and Haunt of Fear’.
§ Several television anthology shows like ‘CBS
Television’, ‘Star Tonight’, Light Out’ and ‘Tales of Tomorrow’ featured his stories. Science fictions like
‘Mars Is Heaven!’ and ‘The Martian Chronicles’ were adapted and broadcast as
dramas in NBC radio program ‘Dimension X’ and later in ‘X Minus One’.
§ Some of his works that were adapted into films
are ‘The Illustrated Man’ in 1969, ‘The Screaming Woman’ in 1972, ‘I Sing the
Body Electric’ adapted as television movie ‘The Electric Grandmother’ in 1982
and ‘Something Wicked This Way Comes’ in 1983.
Major Works
§ ‘Fahrenheit 451’, his best known novel was
adapted into a film in 1966 by François Truffaut , performed on stage in 1979,
dramatized in ’BBC Radio’ in 1982 and developed into an interactive computer
game in 2010.
Personal Life & Legacy
§ On September 27, 1947, he married Marguerite
McClure in the Church of the Good Shepherd, Episcopal in Los Angeles. The
couple had four daughters, Ramona, Bettina, Susan and Alexandra.
§ He suffered a stroke in 1999 that made
wheelchair bound.
§ On June 5, 2012, he died in Los Angeles,
California.
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