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Mother Teresa
Clad in a
white, blue-bordered sari, she along with her sisters of the Missionaries of
Charity became a symbol of love, care and compassion for the world. Blessed
Teresa of Calcutta, known the world over as Mother Teresa, was an Albanian-born
Indian citizen who abided by her religious faith of Roman Catholicism to serve
the unwanted, unloved and uncared people of the world. One of the greatest
humanitarians of the 20th century, she led all her life serving the poorest of
the poor. She was a ray of hope for many, including the aged, the destitute,
the unemployed, the diseased, the terminally ill, and those abandoned by their
families. Blessed with profound empathy, unwavering commitment and unshakable
faith since young, she turned her back to the worldly pleasures and focussed on
serving the mankind ever since she was 18. After years of service as a teacher
and mentor, Mother Teresa experienced a call within her religious call, which
changed her course of life completely, making her what she is known as today.
Founder of the Missionaries of Charity, with her fervent commitment and
incredible organizational and managerial skills, she developed an international
organization that aimed towards helping the impoverished. For her service to
the humanity she was honoured with Nobel Peace Prize in 1979. She was canonised
by Pope Francis on 4 September 2016.
Childhood & Early Life
· Born to Nikolle
and Dranafile Bojaxhiu in Skopje, Mother Teresa was the youngest child of the
Albanian couple. She was born on August 26, 1919 and was baptized the following
day as Agnes Gonxhe Bojaxhiu, a date she considered her ‘true birthday’. She
received her First Communion when she was five and a half.
· Raised in a
devoutly Catholic family, her father was an entrepreneur by profession. Her
mother had a spiritual and religious bent of mind and was active participant in
the local church activities.
· Sudden and
tragic death of her father when she was eight years old left young Agnes
disheartened. Despite facing financial crisis, Dranafile did not compromise on
the upbringing of her children and raised them with utmost love, care and
affection. Over the years, young Agnes grew extremely close to her mother.
· It was
Dranafile’s firm belief and religious attitude that greatly influenced Agnes
character and future vocation. A pious and compassionate woman, she instilled
in Agnes a deep commitment to charity, which was further affirmed by her
involvement in the Jesuit parish of the Sacred Heart.
Religious Calling
§ As Agnes turned
18, she found her true calling as a nun and left home for good to enrol herself
at the Institute of the Blessed Mary Virgin, also called Sisters of Loreto, in
Ireland. It was there that she first received the name Sister Mary Teresa after
St Therese of Lisieux.
§ After a year of
training, Sister Mary Teresa came to India in 1929 and initiated her novitiate
in Darjeeling, West Bengal, as a teacher at St Teresa’s School. She learned the
local language of the state, Bengali.
§ Sister Teresa
took her first religious vows in May 1931. Thereafter, she was assigned duty at
the Loreto Entally community of Calcutta and taught at St Mary’s School.
§ Six years later, on May 24, 1937, she took her
Final Profession of Vows and with that acquired the name, which the world
recognizes her with today, Mother Teresa. The next twenty years of her life, Mother
Teresa dedicated to serving as a teacher at the St Mary’s School, graduating to
the post of the principal in 1944.
§ Within the
walls of the convent, Mother Teresa was known for her love, kindness,
compassion and generosity. Her unflinching commitment to serving the society
and mankind was greatly recognized by students and teachers. However, just as
much Mother Teresa enjoyed teaching young girls, she was greatly disturbed by
the poverty and misery that was prevalent in Calcutta.
Call Within a Call
§ Little did she
know that the journey from Calcutta to Darjeeling made by Mother Teresa for her
yearly retreat, on September 10, 1946 would transform her life completely.
§ She experienced
a call within a call - a call from the Almighty to fulfil His heartfelt desire
of serving the ‘poorest of the poor’. Mother Teresa explained the experience as
an order from Him, which she could not fail on any condition as it would mean
breaking the faith.
§ He asked Mother
Teresa to establish a new religious community, Missionaries of Charity Sisters,
which would be dedicated to serving the ‘poorest of the poor’. The community
would work in the slums of Calcutta and help the poorest and sick people.
§ Since Mother
Teresa had taken a vow of obedience, leaving the convent without official
permission was impossible. For nearly two years, she lobbied for initiating the
new religious community, which brought favourable result in the January of 1948
as she received a final approval from the local Archbishop Ferdinand Perier to
pursue the new calling.
§ On August 17,
1948, clad in a white blue-bordered saree, Mother Teresa walked past the gate
of the convent, which had been her habitat for almost two decades, to enter the
world of poor, a world that needed her, a world which He wanted her to serve, a
world she knew of as her own!
§ Gaining Indian
citizenship, Mother Teresa travelled all the way to Patna, Bihar to gain
medical training at the Medical Mission Sisters. After completing her short
course, Mother Teresa returned to Calcutta and found her temporary lodging at
Little Sisters of the Poor.
§ Her first
outing was on December 21, 1948 to help the people in the slums. Her main
mission was to serve Him by helping the ‘unwanted, unloved, and uncared’. From
then on, Mother Teresa reached out to the poor and needy each day, fulfilling
His desire to radiate love, kindness and compassion.
§ Starting off
all alone, Mother Teresa was soon joined by voluntary helpers, most of which
were former students and teachers, who accompanied her in her mission to fulfil
His vision. With time, financial help also came in.
§ Mother Teresa
then started an open air school and soon established a home for the dying and
destitute in a dilapidated home, which she convinced the government to donate
to her.
§ October 7, 1950
was historic day in the life of Mother Teresa; she finally received permission
by the Vatican to start the congregation that eventually came to be known as
Missionaries of Charity.
§ Starting off
with merely 13 members, the Missionaries of Charity went on to become one of
the most significant and recognized congregations in the world. As the ranks of
congregation raised and financial aid came in easily, Mother Teresa expanded
her scope for charitable activities exponentially.
§ In 1952, she
inaugurated the first Home for the Dying, where people brought to this home
received medical help and accorded the opportunity to die with dignity.
Adhering to the different faith that people came in from, all who died were
given their last ceremonies according to the religion they followed, thus dying
a death of dignity.
§ The next step
was initiating a home for those suffering from Hansen's disease, commonly known
as leprosy. The home was called Shanti Nagar. Additionally, several clinics
were formed in the city of Calcutta which provided medication, bandage and food
to those suffering from leprosy.
§ In 1955, Mother
Teresa opened a home for the orphans and homeless youths. She named it as
Nirmala Shishu Bhavan, or the Children's Home of the Immaculate Heart.
§ What started as
a small effort soon grew in size and number, attracting recruits and financial
help. By 1960, Missionaries of Charity had opened several hospices, orphanages
and leper houses all over India.
§ Meanwhile, in
1963, Missionaries of Charity Brothers was founded. The main aim behind the
inauguration of Missionaries of Charity Brother was to better respond to the
physical and spiritual needs of the poor.
§ Furthermore, in
1976, a contemplative branch of the sisters was opened. Two years later, a contemplative brothers’ branch
was inaugurated. In 1981, she began the Corpus Christi Movement for Priests and
in 1984 the Missionaries of Charity Fathers was initiated. The initiation of
the same was to combine the vocational aim of Missionaries of charity with the
resource of ministerial priesthood.
§ Mother Teresa,
then, formed the Co-Workers of Mother Teresa, the Sick and Suffering
Co-Workers, and the Lay Missionaries of Charity.
Her International Pursuits
§ The
congregation, which was limited to India, opened its first house outside India
in Venezuela in 1965 with five sisters. However, this was just the beginning,
as many more houses came up in Rome, Tanzania and Austria. By 1970s, the order
had reached several countries in Asia, Africa, Europe and United States.
§ In 1982, Mother
Teresa rescued almost 37 children who were trapped in a front line hospital in
Beirut. With the help of a few Red Cross volunteers, she crossed the war zone
to reach the devastated hospital and evacuate young patients.
§ Missionaries of
Charity which was rejected by the Communist countries earlier, found an
acceptance in the 1980s. Ever since it attained permission, the congregation
initiated a dozen of projects. She helped the earthquake victims of Armenia,
the famished folks of Ethiopia and the radiation-caused victims of Chernobyl.
§ The first
Missionaries of Charity home in the United States was established in the South
Bronx, New York. By 1984, it had 19 establishments all over the country.
§ In 1991, Mother
Teresa returned to her homeland for the first time since 1937 and opened a
Missionaries of Charity Brothers home in Tirana, Albania.
§ By 1997,
Missionaries of Charity had almost 4000 sisters working in 610 foundations, in
450 centres in 123 countries across the sIX continents. The congregation had
several hospices and homes for people with HIV/AIDS, leprosy and tuberculosis,
soup kitchens, children's and family counselling programs, personal helpers,
orphanages, and schools functioning under it.
Awards & Achievements
§ For her
unwavering commitment and unflinching love and compassion that she devoutly
shared, the Government of India honoured her with Padma Shri, Jawaharlal Nehru
Award for International Understanding and Bharat Ratna, India’s highest
civilian award.
§ In 1962, she
was honoured with Ramon Magsaysay Award for International Understanding, for
her merciful cognizance of the abject poor of a foreign land, in whose service
she led a new congregation.
§ In 1971, she
was awarded the first Pope John XXIII Peace Prize for her work with the poor,
display of Christian charity and efforts for peace.
§ In 1979, Mother
Teresa was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, "for work undertaken in the
struggle to overcome poverty and distress, which also constitutes a threat to
peace."
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Death & Legacy
§ Mother Teresa’s
health started declining in the 1980s. The first instance of the same was seen
when she suffered a heart attack while visiting Pope John Paul II in Rome in
1983.
§ For the next
decade, Mother Teresa constantly faced health issues. Cardiac problems seemed
to live by her, as she experienced no respite even after heart surgery.
§ Her declining
health led her to step down as the head of the order on March 13, 1997. Her
last visit abroad was to Rome, when she visited Pope John Paul II for the
second time.
§ Upon returning
to Calcutta, Mother Teresa spent her last few days receiving visitors and
instructing sisters. The greatly compassionate soul left for the heavenly abode
on September 5, 1997. Her death was mourned by the world over.
§ The world has
commemorated this saintly soul through various ways. She has been memorialized
and has been made patroness of various churches. There are also several roads
and structures that have been named after Mother Teresa. She has also been seen
in popular cultures.
§ In 2003, Mother
Teresa was beautified by Pope John Paul II at St Peter’s Basilica, in Vatican
City. Since then, she has been known as Blessed Mother Teresa. Along with
Blessed Pope John Paul II, the Church designated Blessed Teresa of Calcutta as
the patron saint of the World Youth Day.
§ She was
canonised by Pope Francis on 4 September 2016 and is now known as Saint Teresa
of Calcutta.
Trivia
§ Known the world
over as Mother Teresa, she however was not baptized with the same name. Her
christened name is different from what she is known as.
§ She founded the
Missionaries of Charity in Calcutta with the objective of serving the poorest
of the poor. She aimed to make life beautiful for the unwanted, unloved and
uncared lot.
Top 10 Facts You Did Not Know About Mother Teresa
§ Though
incredibly close to her mother, she never saw her again after the day she left
for Ireland.
§ As Sister
Teresa, she set aside her nun’s habit in 1948 and adopted instead the simple
sari and sandals to fit in with the women she worked with.
§ When she was
awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, she refused the traditional Nobel honor banquet
and requested that the $192,000 budget be allocated to help the poor in India.
§ The only
international airport in Albania, Tirana International Airport (Nënë Tereza) is
named after Mother Teresa.
§ As a teacher in
Kolkata, she taught history and geography at St Mary’s School.
§ Pope Paul VI
came to meet her in 1965 but she informed him that she was too busy with her
work among the poor to meet with him. The pope was much impressed with her
sincerity.
§ Mother Teresa
was strictly pro-life and was against abortion and contraceptives.
§ In spite of
being deeply religious, she frequently questioned her own belief in God.
§ Upon her death,
the Indian government gave her a state funeral honoring her work with the poor
and needy.
§ She was voted
as one of the 10 most admirable women 18 times in Gallup's yearly poll.
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