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Tansen
Tansen (c. 1500 – 1586), also
referred to as Tan Sen or Mian Tansen, was a
prominent figure of North Indian (Hindustani) classical music. Born in a
Hindu family, he learnt and perfected his art in the northwest region of
modern Madhya Pradesh. He began his career and spent most of his adult life in the
court and patronage of the Hindu king of Rewa State, Ram Chand, where Tansen's
musical abilities and studies gained widespread fame. This reputation brought
him to the attention of the Mughal Emperor Akbar, who sent messengers to Ram Chand requesting Tansen to
join the musicians at the Mughal court. Tansen did not want to go, Ram Chand
encouraged him to gain wider audience, and sent him along with gifts to Akbar.
In 1562, about the age of 60, the Vaishnava musician Tansen joined the Akbar
court, and his performances became a subject of many court historians.
Childhood
& Early Life
· Tansen's date and place of birth
is unclear, but most sources place his birth about 1500 CE, or between 1493 and
1506. His biography is also unclear and many conflicting accounts exist, with
some common elements. Historical facts about Tansen are difficult to extract
from the extensive and contradictory legends that surround him.
· According to the common elements
in the various stories, Tansen's name as a child was Ramtanu. His father Mukund
Pandey (also known as Makrand Pandey, Mukund Mishra, or Mukund Ram) was a
wealthy poet and accomplished musician, who for some time was a Hindu temple
priest in Varanasi.
· Tansen learnt and perfected his
art in the region around Gwalior, in modern Madhya Pradesh. He began his career and spent most of his adult life
in the court and patronage of the Hindu king of Gwalior, Ram Chand, where
Tansen's musical abilities and studies gained him widespread fame and
following.
· He was a close confidant of
Ram Chand, and they used to make music together. Tansen's reputation brought
him to the attention of the Mughal Emperor Akbar, who sent messengers to Ram Chand requesting Tansen to
join the musicians at the Mughal court. Tansen initially refused to go, sought
to retire instead into solitude, but Ram Chand encouraged him to gain wider
audience, and sent him along with gifts to Akbar. In 1562, about the age of
sixty, Tansen still a Vaishnava musician arrived for the first time in Akbar's
court.
· Tansen's influence was central to
create the Hindustani classical ethos as we know today. A number of descendants
and disciples trace him to be their lineage founder. Many gharanas (schools) of Hindustani classical music claim
some connection to his lineage. To these gharanas, Tansen is the
founder of Hindustani classical music.
Career
·
Tansen showed musical talent at the age of 6. At some point,
he was discipled for some time to Swami Haridas, the legendary composer from Vrindavan and part of the stellar Gwalior court of Raja Man Singh Tomar (1486–1516 AD), specialising in the Dhrupad style of singing. His talent was recognised early
and it was the ruler of Gwalior who conferred upon the maestro the honorific
title 'Tansen'. Haridas was considered to be a legendary teacher in that time.
·
Hagiographies mention Tansen met the Sufi mystic Muhammad Ghaus. The interaction with Ghaus brought Sufi influences on
Tansen. Late into his life, he continued to compose in Brajbhasha invoking traditional motifs such as Krishna and Shiva. Tansen was also influenced
by other singers in the Gwalior court and also the musically proficient
queen, Mriganayani (lit. doe-eyed),
whose romance with the king had been forged on her singing.
·
Tansen's musical compositions covered many themes, and
employed Dhrupad. Most of these were derived from the Hindu Puranas, composed in Braj Bhasha, and written in praise of gods
and goddesses such as Ganesha, Sarasvati, Surya, Shiva, Vishnu (Narayana and Krishna avatar). He also
composed and performed compositions dedicated to eulogizing kings and emperor
Akbar.
Major
Work
· Tansen was a composer, musician
and vocalist, to whom a large number of compositions have been attributed in
northern regions of the Indian subcontinent. He was also an instrumentalist who
popularised and improved musical instruments.
· He is among the most influential
personalities in North Indian tradition of Indian classical music, called Hindustani.
His 16th century studies in music and compositions inspired many, and he is
considered by numerous North Indian gharana (regional music
schools) as their lineage founder.
Personal
Life & Legacy
· Tansen's
children include Tanras Khan, Bilas Khan, Hamirsen, Suratsen and Saraswati
Devi, were all musicians.
· A
national music festival known as 'Tansen Samaroh' is held every year in
December, near the tomb of Tansen at Behat as a mark of respect to his memory.
The Tansen Samman or Tansen award is given
away to exponents in Hindustani
Classical music.
· The
fort at Fatehpur Sikri is strongly associated with
Tansen's tenure at Akbar's court. Near the emperor's chambers, a pond was built
with a small island in the middle, where musical performances were given.
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Mob : +91 - 99633 34337
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