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Gopinath
Bordoloi
Gopinath Bordoloi (1890–1950) was the Prime Minister of Assam before independence and
later Chief Minister of the Indian state of Assam, and also a leading Indian independence activist. He was a follower of the Gandhian principle of non-violence as
a political tool. Due to his unselfish dedication towards Assam and its people,
the then Governor of Assam Jayram Das Doulatram conferred
him with the title "Lokapriya" (loved by all).
Childhood
& Early Life
· Gopinath Bordoloi was born on 6
June 1890 at Raha. His father was Buddheswar Bordoloi and mother Praneswari
Bordoloi. He lost his mother when he was only 12 years old. He got admitted
in Cotton College after passing matriculation
in 1907.
· He passed I.A. in 1st Div. In 1909 and took
admission in the renowned Scottish Church College in Calcutta and graduated in
1911. He then passed M.A. from the University of Calcutta in 1914. He studied Law for
three years but came back to Guwahati without sitting in the final examination.
· Then on request of Tarun
Ram Phukan, he took up the temporary job as Headmaster of Sonaram High
School. During that period, he sat and passed in the Law examination and
started practicing in 1917 in Guwahati.
Career
·
The Assam Association was the only political organisation of
Assam in that period. Assam Congress was formed in 1922 as a
branch of the Indian National Congress. Gopinath Bordoloi's political
life started when he joined the Indian National Congress as a volunteer in that year.
He actively participated in the fight for independence.
·
From 1930 to 1933, he kept himself away from all political
activity and got involved in various social works after becoming member
of Guwahati Municipal
Board and Local Board. In addition, he was constantly demanding a
separate University and High Court for Assam.
·
In 1935 Government of India Act was articulated with a view
to form British
India. Congress decided to participate in the Regional Assembly election in
1936. They won 38 seats and became the party with majority in Assembly, but due
to a dubious law meant to reduce the power of Ministers and the Cabinet, they
decided to remain as opposition party instead of forming the government.
·
Gopinath Bordoloi was elected as the leader of the opposition
party. With the support of other parties apart from Congress, Md. Sadulla
formed the Cabinet of Ministers. The Congress party was gaining people's
support as the government remained unaware of the basic problems of Assam. The Md. Sadulla Cabinet
Ministers resigned in September,1938. The Governor then invited Gopinath
Bordoloi to form the government and accordingly they took oath on 21 September.
·
In July 1945, the British announced their decision to form a
new constitution for India after holding the central
and regional election. Congress too participated in the election in 1946 and
they became the major party in Assembly with 61 seats out of 108. They formed
the Government and Gopinath Bordoloi was made Prime
Minister unanimously.
Major
Works
· The British Government formed a Cabinet Commission in 1946 to discuss the
demands for Indian Independence. The members held meetings with
the Congress and the Muslim League in Shimla and Delhi. Their
plan included grouping of states into 3 categories for selecting the candidates
to form the constitutional body with Assam and Bengal in third group. Gopinath
Bordoloi sensed the ominous sign for Assam in the plan as the inclusion would
mean the local representatives will become minority in comparison to Bengal.
That would be devastating for rights of people of Assam.
· Gopinath Bordoloi played a major
role in securing the future of Assam which would have been included in East
Pakistan otherwise. Whether any other leader could have shown the light other
than him during that period of crisis is in doubt.
Awards
and Achievements
·
He was awarded the Bharat Ratna posthumously in 1999. A
life-size statue of Bordoloi was unveiled on 1 Oct, 2002 in the Parliament House by then President of India, A.P.J. Abdul Kalam.
Personal
Life & Legacy
·
After India's Independence, he worked closely with Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel to secure the sovereignty
of Assam against China on one hand and Pakistan on the other. He also helped
to organise the rehabilitation of millions of Hindu refugees who had fled East Pakistan due to widespread violence
and intimidation in the aftermath of Partition.
·
His work formed the
basis for ensuring communal harmony, democracy and stability which effectively
kept Assam secure and progressive right up to the 1971 war over East Pakistan's independence. He was instrumental in
establishing Gauhati University, High Court of Assam, Assam Medical College, Assam Veterinary College, etc.
Gopinath Bordoloi was also a gifted writer. He wrote several books like Annasaktiyog, Shreeramachandra, Hajrat
Mohammad, and Budhhadeb while in jail.
·
Throughout his life, he was a stern believer in Gandhian
principles. He led a simple life in spite of being a Chief Minister. He died on 5 August 1950.
Guruji. A. Sivaguru Swamy
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Mob : +91 - 99633 34337
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