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Muthuswami
Dikshitar
Muthuswami Dikshitar (March 24, 1775 – October
21, 1835) was a South Indian poet and composer and is one of the Musical Trinity of
Carnatic music. His compositions, of which around 500 are commonly known, are
noted for their contemplative nature and for capturing the essence of the raga
forms through the vainika (veena) style that emphasises gamakas. They are
typically in a slower speed (chowka kala). He is also known by his signature
name of Guruguha which is also his mudra (can be found in
every one of his songs).[1] His compositions are widely
sung and played in classical concerts of Carnatic music.
Childhood & Early Life
· Muthuswami Dikshitar was born
in Tiruvarur (of Thiruvarurdistrict in what is now the state of Tamil Nadu) to a Telugu Brahmin couple Ramaswami
Dikshitar(discoverer of RaagaHamsadhwani) and Subbamma, as the eldest son.
· According to the account of
Subbarama Dikshitar, Muttuswami Dikshitar was born in the manmatha year,
in the month of Tamil Panguni under the asterism Krittikaa.
He was named after the temple deity, Muttukumaraswamy; legend has it that he
was born after his parents prayed for a child in the Vaitheeswaran Temple. He had two younger brothers
Baluswami, Chinnaswami and a sister Balambal.
· In keeping with the tradition,
Muthuswami learnt the Sanskrit language, Vedas, and other important religious texts. He obtained his
preliminary musical education from his father.
· While he was still in his teens,
his father sent him on a pilgrimage with a wandering monk named Chidambaranatha
Yogi to gain musical and philosophical knowledge. Over the course of
this pilgrimage, he visited many places in North India and acquired a broad
outlook that is reflected in many of his compositions.
· During their stay in Kashi (Varanasi), his guru Chidambaranatha Yogi, presented Dikshitar
with a unique Veena and died shortly thereafter.
The samādhi of Chidambaranatha Yogi can still be seen in Sri
Chakra Lingeshwar temple at the Hanuman
Ghat area in Varanasi.
Career
·
According to legend, his guru asked Muthuswami to visit Tiruttani (a temple town near Chennai). There, while he was immersed deep in meditation, an
old man appeared and asked him to open his mouth. He dropped sugar candy into
his mouth and disappeared. As he opened his mouth, he had a vision of the
deity Muruga and Dikshitar burst forth into his first
composition "Shri Nathadi Guruguho" in the raga Mayamalavagowla.
·
He then went on a pilgrimage visiting and composing at the
temples at Kanchi, Tiruvannamalai, Chidambaram, Tirupathi and Kalahasthi, Srirangam, before returning to Tiruvarur.
·
On his return to Tiruvaruar, he composed on every deity in
the Tiruvarur temple complex including Tyagaraja (an amsham of Lord Shiva), the
presiding deity, Nilotpalambal, his consort, and the Goddess Kamalambal an
independent deity of high tantric significance in the same temple complex. This is
when he composed the famous Kamalamba Navavarna kritis, filled with
exemplary sahityas on the deities of the Sri Chakra which proved to
be the showcase of his compositions.
Major
Work
· Muthuswami
Dikshitar was approached by four dance master brothers from Tanjavur: Chinnayya, Ponnayya, Vadivelu and Sivanandam . They expressed their
desire to learn music from him and entreated him to accompany them to Tanjavur.
There, Dikshitar imparted to them the 72 mela tradition handed down by Venkata Vaidyanatha Dikshita.
· The students showed their gratitude by
composing a set of nine songs called Navaratna Mala glorifying their guru. These
four disciples became what is known as the Tanjore Quartet and
are revered as the prime composers of music for Bharatanatyam. Among his students, Ponnayya
(Also called Ponnayya Pillai) and Chinnayya (Also called Chinnayya Pillai) also
served as court artists of Sri Swati Tirunal of Tiruvananthapuram (Trivandram -
Kerala).
· At a
young age, Dikshitar was also exposed to the music of the Western bands at Fort
St. George. At a later stage, Dikshitar composed some forty songs to several
(mostly western folk) tunes loosely adopted to ragas such as
sankarabharaNa.
Personal
Life & Legacy
·
Muthuswami Dikshitar died on 21 October 1835. Dikshitar
had a daughter but it was the descendants of his brother Baluswami who have
preserved his musical legacy, and his compositions have been popularized due to
the efforts of people like Subbarama
Dikshitar and Ambi Dikshitar.
·
The grandson of Dikshitar's only child - a daughter -
was a Shri Venkatarama Iyer who took voluntary retirement in the 1940s from his
position as Superintendent in the Secretariat of the then Madras State Govt to
devote full-time attention to his coconut plantation in what is now known as
Seetamma Colony of Alwarpet in Madras (official new name is Chennai).
The descendants of Shri Venkatarama Iyer are scattered all over the
world, a feature if not typical, at least far from uncommon among Iyer families
in the 21st century. His great grandson lives in Seetamma Colony with his
mother and family, and other great grand children and their descendants live in
Madras, Bangalore, Australia, the United Kingdom, Dubai, Doha, Canada and the
United States.Guruji. A. Sivaguru Swamy
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Our Bangalore Branch Office :
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Mob : +91 - 99633 34337
Our Bangalore Branch Office :
House No.20, Nagamma Layout, Kullappa Circle, Nehru Main Road, Near Om Shakthi Temple, Bangalore, Karnataka - 560084.
Mob : +91 - 99633 34337
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