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Jyoti
Basu
Jyotirindra Basu (8 July 1914 – 17 January
2010); known as Jyoti Basu was an Indian politician belonging
to the Communist Party of
India (Marxist) from West Bengal, India. He served as the Chief Minister of West Bengal state from 1977 to 2000,
making him the longest-serving Chief Minister in the country's history. Basu was a member of the
CPI(M) Politburo from the time of the party's founding (The CPI(M) was
formed at the Seventh Congress of the Communist Party of India held in Calcutta
from 31 October to 7 November 1964) in 1964 until 2008. From 2008 until his
death in 2010 he remained a permanent invitee to the central committee of the
party.
· Jyotirindra Basu was born 8
July 1914 at 43/1 Harrison Road (now Mahatma Gandhi Road) in Kolkata (then known as Calcutta) into a very affluent family.
His father, Nishikanta Basu, was a doctor settled in Kolkata who hailed from
the village of Barudi in Narayanganj District, East Bengal (Bangladesh), while his mother Hemalata Basu was a housewife.
· Basu grew up in a large Indian-style joint family, consisting of his parents, siblings, paternal uncles,
their wives and children. The family, who had lived in a rented house in
Kolkata in addition to retaining ancestral properties East Bengal, purchased a
spacious mansion at 55-A, Hindustan Road in 1920, and this is where Basu grew
up.
· Basu's schooling started at Loreto School at Dharmatala in Kolkata in 1920, and he was moved in 1925 to St. Xavier's School. While admitting him to school,
Basu's father shortened his name from Jyotirindra Basu to Jyoti Basu, and the
shortened name stuck for life. After completing school, Basu took an
undergraduate degree in English literature honours from Presidency College, University of Calcutta.
· After completing his undergraduate
studies, Basu left for England to study law in 1935.[4]In England, he was introduced to
politics and became greatly influenced by the Communist
Party of Great Britain. He attended lectures by Harold Laski at the London School of Economics and was also influenced by
noted Communist ideologue and prolific writer Rajani Palme Dutt, a fellow Bengali.
· Between 1936 and 1940, Basu
involved himself in various political activities, came into contact with
several Indian freedom fighters including Nehru, became a member of the India
league, and joined the London Majlis. A fuller account of these years is found
in a later section. Basu completed his studies in 1939 and was invited to
the Middle Temple as a Barrister in 1939.[7] Shortly afterwards, he
returned to India by sea, docking at Mumbai and travelling from there to
Kolkata by train.
Career
·
After returning to India, Basu had become an active member of
the Communist Party, to his father's chagrin. After Basanti's death, he
deepened his involvement, virtually giving up the pretense of earning a living
as a lawyer. His legal practice was mostly about providing legal services pro bono to the party and its affiliates, in particular to
trade unions. He lived as always with his father and extended family (as
per Indian custom) and thus had little need to earn
a living.
·
Shortly after Chandan was born, Basu's father, Nishikant
Basu, wrote a will which disinherited Basu entirely and vested all his
property, a considerable fortune which included the massive mansion in Kokata,
in the name of his daughter-in-law Kamala, with provision that the property be
inherited by Chandan eventually. The elderly bhadralokpatrician had been aghast, even distraught, to find
that his beloved son had returned from England a communist, and that he had
developed over the next decade (the 1940s) into a violent revolutionary.
·
Jyoti Basu's first track in politics was his effort to
organise the Indian studentsstudying in United Kingdom, mostly
for the cause of Indian independence. Basu subsequently joined India
League and London
Majlis, both the organisations being communities of overseas Indian students.
·
Basu was later elected the General Secretary of London
Majlish.[8] Basu was given the
responsibility for arranging a meeting with Jawaharlal Nehru during Nehru's visit to
London in 1938. The same was done after Subhas Chandra Bose went to England. As a member
of London Majlis, Basu introduced the visiting Indian political figures to the
leaders of the Labour Party.
·
Basu was introduced to the Communist
Party of Great Britain by another communist leader and Basu's friend in
England, Bhupesh Gupta. It is told Basu showed interest to join CPGB but the
then Secretary General Harry Pollitt suggested that he should not do so, possibly
because CPGB was then banned in India and Pollitt speculated Basu could have
difficulties in returning to India as a member of CPGB.
Major
Works
·
Jyoti Basu was the secretary of the West Bengal Provincial
Committee of the Party from 1953 to January 1961. He was elected to the Central
Committee of the Party in 1951. He was a member of the Politburo from 1964
onwards. He was elected as a special invitee to PB in 19th Congress of the
Party in 2008.
·
In 1962, Jyoti Basu was one amongst the 32 members of the
National Council who walked out of the meeting. When the CPI(M) was formed in
1964 as a result of the ideological struggle within the Communist movement,
Basu became a member of the Politburo. He was, in fact, the last surviving
member of the "Navaratnas", the nine members of the first
Politburo.
·
Basu was elected to the Bengal Legislative Assembly in 1946,
contesting the Railway constituency. He served as the Leader of Opposition for
a long time when Dr. Bidhan Chandra Roy was the Chief Minister of
West Bengal. Jyoti Basu led a number of agitations against the State Government
and earned enviable popularity as a politician particularly among the students
and youth.
·
He emerged as the pre-eminent and most popular leader of the
Party, but he always worked as a disciplined member of the Party, setting an
example for all. In his long career in the Party, he undertook various
responsibilities including being the first editor of People's Democracy. He had
a lifelong association with the trade union movement and was the Vice-President
of the Centre of Indian Trade Unions since its inception in 1970.
Personal
Life & Legacy
·
On 1 January 2010, Basu was admitted to AMRI hospital (Bidhannagar, Kolkata) after he was diagnosed
with pneumonia. On 16 January 2010, his health condition became
extremely critical and he was suffering from multiple organ failure. Seventeen
days after being taken ill, he died on 17 January 2010 at 11:47 am IST.
·
Basu had pledged to donate his body and eyes for medical
research on 4 April 2003 at a function organised by Ganadarpan and Susrut Eye
Foundation in Kolkata and not to be burned at a crematorium. His eyes are
donated to Susrut Eye Foundation.
·
The Trinamool Congress-run government has decided not to
rename Rajarhat New Town after Jyoti Basu. The renaming proposal was a part of
the New Town Kolkata Development Authority (Amendment) Bill, 2010, passed in
the assembly during the Left Front regime. A programme was even held at
Rajarhat in October 2010 on the township's renaming.
·
He is survived by his son Chandan, daughter-in-law Rakhi,
grand daughters Payel, Doyel and Koyel, offsprings of his first daughter-in-law
Dolly (separated with son Chandan in 1998), and grand son Subhojyoti, offspring
of daughter-in-law Rakhi. His second wife Kamala Basu had died on 1
October 2003. Basu's body was kept at 'Peace Haven' for those who wanted to pay
their respects.
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