Dhondo Keshav Karve

Dr. Dhondo Keshav Karve popularly known as "'Maharishi Karve, was a social reformer in India in the field of women's welfare. In honour of Karve, Queen's Road in Mumbai (Bombay) was renamed to Maharshi Karve Road.

Childhood & Early Life

· Karve was born on 18 April 1858 in Sheravali, Dapoli, Dapoli, Ratnagiri, Maharashtra.

· Karve continued the pioneering work in promoting widows' education. The Government of India awarded him its highest civilian award, the Bharat Ratna, in 1958, the year of his 100th birthday.

· The appellation Maharshi, which the Indian public often assigned to Karve, means ”a great sage”. He was also sometimes affectionately called "Annā Karve"; in the Marāthi-speaking community to which Karve belonged, the appellation "Annā" is often used to address either one's father or an elder brother.

Career

· During 1891–1914, Karve taught mathematics at Fergusson College in Pune, Maharashtra.

· The work of Pandita Ramabai inspired Karve to dedicate his life to the cause of female education, and the work of Vishnushastri Chiplunkar and Iswar Chandra Vidyasagar inspired him to work for uplifting the status of widows. The writings of Herbert Spencer also highly influenced him.

· When Karve had started his shelter and school for widows, in 1896, he had to start it in the remote village of Hingane outside the city of Pune because the dominant orthodox Brahmin community in the city had ostracized him for his reformatory activities.

· With his meager resources, for many years Karve would walk several miles from Hingane to the city of Pune to teach mathematics at Fergusson College and also collect in his spare time paltry donations from a few progressive donors, even as some others from the orthodox community would openly hurl insulting epithets at him when he went around to spread the word of his emancipatory work and collect donations.

· Karve's 20-year-old widowed sister-in-law, Parvatibai Athavale, was the first to join his school. After finishing her education, he appointed her as the first woman superintendent of the Hindu Widows' Home Association.

· During 1917–1918, Karve established the Training College for Primary School Teachers, and another school for girls, Kanyā Shālā.

· In 1920, an industrialist and philanthropist from Mumbai, Vithaldas Thackersey, donated Karve's university 1.5 million Indian rupees—a substantial sum in those days—and the university was then renamed Shreemati Nāthibāi Dāmodar Thāckersey (SNDT) Indian Women’s University.

· In March 1929, Karve left for a tour of England. He attended the Primary Teachers' Conference at Malvern, and spoke on "Education of Women in India" at a meeting of the East India Association at Caxton Hall, London. From 25 July to 4 August 1929, he attended an educational conference in Geneva, and spoke on "The Indian Experiment in Higher Education for Women." From 8 to 21 August, he attended in Elsinor the international meeting of educators under the auspices of the New Education Fellowship.

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Awards and Honours

1942 - awarded Doctor of Letters (D. Litt.) by Banaras Hindu University
1951 - awarded D.Litt. by Pune University
1954 - awarded D.Litt. by S.N.D.T. University
1955 - awarded Padma Vibhushan by the Government of India
1957 - awarded LL.D. by University of Mumbai
1958 - awarded Bharat Ratna, the highest civilian award of India, by the Government of India

Personal Life & Legacy

· Karve had four sons: Raghunath, Shankar, Dinakar, and Bhāskar. All of them rose to eminence in their own fields of work. Raghunath Karve was a professor of mathematics and a pioneer in sex education and birth control in India. Dinkar was a professor of chemistry and later Principal of Fergusson College and an eminent educationist.

· His wife, Irawati Karve, was an anthropologist, an eminent author and a leading sociologist of India. Bhaskar and his wife worked in Hingane Stree Shikshan Samstha in various leading capacities. His second son, Shankar Karve, spent most of his professional life as an eminent doctor in the city of Mombasa, in the then British colony of Kenya. On his 80th birthday, the Kenyan government issued a postage stamp in his honour.

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