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a central role in the
English Romantic Movement
William
Wordsworth was a famous English poet who played a central role in the English
Romantic Movement. He is best known for ushering in the Romantic Age in English
Literature with the joint publication of ‘Lyrical Ballads’ with Samuel Taylor
Coleridge in 1798. He was born in Lake District, a region in North West
England, known for its beautiful lakes, mountains and forests. He had a deep
sense of love and appreciation for nature which was cultivated early in his
life. His love for nature profoundly influenced both his personality and work.
William Wordsworth was taught poetry by his father John Wordsworth, who also
let his son read extensively from his own father’s library. He began his
writing career by publishing a sonnet in ‘The European Magazine’. He later
published his poetry collections ‘An Evening Walk and Descriptive Sketches’.
Wordsworth’s meeting and his subsequent friendship with Samuel Taylor Coleridge
is believed to be one of the most important happenings in the poet’s life.
Wordsworth and Coleridge together produced ‘Lyrical Ballads’, the first volume
of which did not give either’s name as the author. Second and third editions
were soon published which included a preface to the poems. This preface to
‘Lyrical Ballads’ is considered to be one of the most important works of the
English Romantic Movement. His other famous works include ‘Poems, in Two
Volumes’, ‘Guide to the Lakes’, ‘The Excursion’ and ‘The Prelude’. Even though
a prolific poet, Wordsworth wrote only one play, ‘The Borderers’, a tragedy.
Wordsworth, inspired by his friend Coleridge, had grand ambitions to write an
epic philosophical poem titled ‘The Recluse’ which he could not complete within
his lifetime.
Childhood & Early Life
· William
Wordsworth was the second of the five children born to John Wordsworth and Ann
Cookson. John Wordsworth was a legal agent for James Lowther, 1st Earl of
Lonsdale while Ann Cookson was the daughter of a linen-draper.
· He had three
brothers (Richard, John and Christopher) and one sister, Dorothy. He was the
closest to his sister with whom he shared an intense and lifelong friendship.
· As a child, he
attended the grammar school near Cockermouth Church and Ann Birkett's school at
Penrith.
· After the death
of his mother in 1778, he was sent to Hawkshead Grammar School in Lancashire.
His father died in 1783.
· The untimely
deaths of both his parents meant that he was separated from his beloved sister
who was sent away to live with relatives.
· His mother died
when he was eight. His father worked as a lawyer to James Lowther, 1st Earl of
Lonsdale, a notoriously corrupt man who had earned the local nickname "Wicked
Jimmy."
Career
· It was during
his stint at Hawkshead Grammar School that young William realized his firm love
for poetry. The publication of a sonnet in The European Magazine in 1787
launched his career as a poet.
· While studying
at St.John’s college in Cambridge, he set out to tour Europe. This experience
deeply impacted his interests and sympathies in life, sensitized him to the
troubles of the common man, and had an intense influence on his poetry.
· He published
his poetry collections, ‘An Evening Walk and Descriptive Sketches’ in 1793,
further cementing his career.
· He met the poet
Samuel Taylor Coleridge in 1795. It was in collaboration with him that the most
significant work in the English Romantic Movement, ‘Lyrical Ballads’ was
produced in 1798.
· At the peak of
his career, he published ‘Poems, in Two Volumes’, in 1807.
· He published
‘Guide to the lakes’ in 1810 followed by ‘The Excursion’ in 1814 and ‘Laodamia’
in 1815.
· ‘The Prelude’,
generally considered to be Wordsworth’s masterpiece, is an autobiographical
poem which was published posthumously in 1850.
Major Works
· ‘Lyrical
Ballads’, published with Samuel Taylor Coleridge in 1798 remains one of his
major works till date. The poems in themselves are some of the most influential
in Western literature, but the poet’s views as expressed in the preface to the
second edition hold the honour of being the most important work of the English
Romantic Movement.
· ‘The Prelude’,
had not even been given a title at the time of Wordsworth’s death; it was the
product of a lifetime he had been working on from the time he was 28. It was
ultimately named and published by his widow Mary three months after his death.
Personal Life & Legacy
· As a student,
he toured France and fell in love with a French Woman, Annette Vallon with whom
he had a daughter, Caroline. Even though he did not marry Annette, he did his
best to support his daughter.
· In 1802, he
married his childhood friend Mary Hutchinson. The couple had five children,
three of whom predeceased their father. His sister Dorothy lived with him
throughout his life.
· After the death
of his daughter Dora in 1847, the devastated father stopped writing poetry
completely.
· William
Wordsworth died after a short illness on 23 April 1850.
· Wordsworth’s
major legacy was the introduction of a new attitude towards nature as he
introduced nature imagery into his work, and presented a fresh view of the
relationship between man and the natural world.
· As a poet,
Wordsworth delved deeply into his own sensibilities as he traced the growth of
a poet’s mind in his autobiographical poem ‘The Prelude’.
· Wordsworth not
only created some of the finest poetry of his times, but he also placed poetry
at the center of human existence, pronouncing it to be “as immortal as the
heart of man.”
Trivia
· ‘The Prelude’,
was intended by the poet to be an introduction to a long philosophical poem,
‘The Recluse’, which he never finished in his life time.
· In 1792, he met
John "Walking" Stewart, an English traveler and philosopher who had a
major influence on his poetry.
· He and his
friends Coleridge and Robert Southey came to be known as the "Lake
Poets".
· He succeeded
Southey as Britain’s poet laureate in 1843 and held that post until his death
in 1850.
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