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famous dutch artist vincent van gogh suffers from Schizophrenia
Vincent van Gogh
was a legendary Dutch artist whose works are known for their charismatic
beauty, enthralling emotion and vibrant colors. Considered to be the greatest
Dutch painter after Rembrandt, he is seen as one of the most recognizable
painters in history. However, unluckily for van Gogh, much of the appreciation
and glory came posthumously as he spent a life ridden by poverty, unstable
mental health and poor physical state. Van Gogh had a modest start in his life
as he struggled for direction. He spent much of his adult life on an
unrelenting pilgrimage tour, painting, sketching and preaching the word of God.
It was in Paris that he resumed to his old love and passion of art by studying
the works of new impressionist painters, and later imitating their works.
However, he later developed his own unconventional style that was bold and
unflinching. Over his life, he completed more than 2,100 works, consisting of
860 oil paintings and more than 1,300 watercolors, drawings and sketches.
Today, several of his paintings rank among the most expensive in the
world.
Childhood & Early Life
· Vincent Willem
van Gogh was born on 30 March 1953 as the eldest of the six children of
Theodorus van Gogh and Anna Cornelia Carbentus. His father was a minister of
the Dutch Reformed Church.
· Art and
religion as occupation came naturally to the van Gogh family and young Vincent
was drawn to drawing since an early age which led him to take up the same as
his occupation
· Raised in a
Catholic area, he attended the Zundert village school, wherein he was taught by
a Catholic teacher. For three years from 1861 to 1864, he was home trained by a
governess.
· Later on, he
attended the Jan Provily's boarding school at Zevenbergen, post which he gained
admission at Willem II College. he left school in March 1868 to return home.
Career
· With the help
of his Uncle Cent, he gained a position with an art dealer Goupil & Cie in
The Hague. Finishing his training, he was transferred to London in June 1873
where he put up at Brixton and worked at Messrs. Goupil & Co.
· His years in
London were the most productive years of his early art career. He was happy
with his work and the advances of his romantic life. His earnings were also
constantly on the rise to the point of surpassing his father’s income.
· The good phase
did not last long as he faced a period of crisis in his personal life which
affected his work. He was yet again transferred to Paris but his work did not
bloom in the artistic city where he thought that art was seen more as a
commodity than expression of emotions. His period of service with Goupil ended
on April 1876.
· Returning to
England, he spent some time working as an unpaid teacher in a small boarding
school in Ramsgate. However, when the school shifted base to Middlesex, he
relieved himself off the duties to take up the position of a Methodist
minister’s assistant.
· During
Christmas, he returned home and started working in a bookshop in Dordrecht.
However, the work did not interest him much as he spent much of his time
doodling.
· At the time of
working in the bookshop, he experienced religious zeal and found his true
vocation. To become a vicar, he moved to Amsterdam to study theology. However,
his efforts did not reap results as he failed both in the entrance exam and the
three-month course at the Vlaamsche Opleidingsschool, a Protestant missionary
school
· Following the
setback, he took up a temporary post of a missionary in the village of Petit
Wasmes in 1879. He changed his lifestyle completely, practicing what he
preached. He started sleeping on straw and lived a squalid lifestyle.
· After being
rebuffed by the Christian authorities for undermining the dignity of priesthood
by living in squalid conditions, he returned home and stayed there for almost a
year; a fact which became a matter of concern for his parents. He then returned
to Cuesmes and stayed with Charles Decrucq
· Following the
advice of Dutch artist Willem Roelofs, he attended the Académie Royale des
Beaux-Arts in Brussels, where he studied anatomy and standard rules of
modelling and perspective. He aspired to become an artist in God’s service.
· Initially based
in The Hague, he left the place and relocated to Drenthe where he stayed for
about six weeks. He spent much of his time living a nomadic life, moving all
through the region, painting landscapes and caricature of artists.
· In 1885, he
started working on what became his magnum opus or his first masterpiece, ‘The
Potato Eaters’. The work was first exhibited in the window of the paint dealer
Leurs in The Hague.
· He then moved
to Paris where impressionism became a dominant art form. He too, was inspired
by the same and began studying with Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, Pissarro and
others.
· He soon became
interested in Japanese art and began studying eastern philosophy in detail,
which he believed would assist him in coming up with authentic drawing.
· In early 1888,
he moved to the South of France. Much of his paintings of this time were based
on the local landscapes and light and had predominant use of yellow,
ultramarine and mauve.
· He came up with
a series of paintings such as ‘Van Gogh's Chair’, ‘Bedroom in Arles’, ‘The
Night Café’, ‘Cafe Terrace at Night’, ‘Starry Night Over the Rhone’, ‘Still
Life: Vase with Twelve Sunflowers’.
· During this
time, he spent much of his money on paint rather than food. Resultantly, his
physical and psychological condition worsened and he became mentally
challenged. Worried about his health, his brother offered Paul Gauguin money to
visit his brother and watch over him.
· Gauguin and van
Gogh started painting together. While van Gogh painted Gauguin’s ideas and his
painting The Red Vineyard, Gauguin painted his portrait of ‘The Painters of
Sunflower’.
· The cordial
relationship between the two was affected as they often indulged in fierce
quarrel. While Gauguin was arrogant and dominating, van Gogh on the other hand
wished to be treated as Gauguin’s equal. The heated arguments led him to cut
off his left ear and pass it to a prostitute in a brothel he frequently
visited.
· He was then
hospitalized but recovered speedily. However, his psychological health declined
steadily as he suffered from hallucinations and delusions. He turned to
painting but could not find peace with his work and thus was shifted back to
the hospital. He spent the day painting at the Yellow House and returned to the
hospital at night.
· He finally
moved to an asylum in Saint-Rémy-de-Provence. During his stay, he began
painting the clinic and hospital garden which became the main subject of his
drawings. He came up with several masterpieces including, ‘The Starry Night’,
‘Olive Trees with the Alpilles in the Background’, ‘Cypresses’, ‘Cornfield with
Cypresses’ and ‘Country road in Provence by Night’.
· Other works of
this time include two version of ‘Bedroo in Arles’, five versions of
‘L'Arlésienne’, ‘Two Peasant Women Digging in a Snow-Covered Field at Sunset’
and ‘Sorrowing Old Man ('At Eternity's Gate')’.
· In 1890, he
left the clinic in Saint-Rémy to move near the physician Dr. Paul Gachet in
Auvers-sur-Oise. During this time, he painted several paintings such as
‘Portrait of Dr Gachet’, ‘The Church at Auvers’, ‘Wheat Field with Crows’ and
two paintings of ‘Daubigny's Garden’
Personal Life & Legacy
· He experienced
three failed romantic relationships in his life, namely with Eugenie Loyer, Kee
Vos Stricker and Clasina Maria Hoornik. However, none of the women accepted his
love for them.
· On 27 July
1890, he shot himself on the chest. Luckily the shot did not cost him his life
but an untreated wound resulted in his death 29 hours after he shot himself. He
was buried on July 30 in the municipal cemetery of Auvers-sur-Oise.
· His funeral was
attended by Theo van Gogh, Andries Bonger, Charles Laval, Lucien Pissarro,
Émile Bernard, Julien Tanguy and Dr. Gachet amongst 20 other family members and
friends.
· Posthumously,
his paintings were displayed at various exhibitions in Paris, Amsterdam, Cologne,
Berlin and New York. They were greatly appreciated and led to a subsequent rise
in his fame.
Trivia
§ This well-known
and renowned Dutch painter after having been physically and psychologically
unstable cut off his ear and offered it to a prostitute.
Guruji. A. Sivaguru Swamy
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Skype – sivaguruswamy29
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