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Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay,
alternatively spelt as Sarat Chandra Chatterjee (15 September
1876 – 16 January 1938), was a prominent Bengali novelist and short story writer of early 20th century. Most
of his works deal with the lifestyle, tragedy, struggle of the village people
and the contemporary social practices that prevailed in Bengal. He remains the
most popular, most translated, most adapted, and most plagiarized Indian author
of all time.
Childhood
& Early Life
·
Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay was born on 15 September
1876, in Debanandapur, a small village two miles northwest of Bandel in Hooghly, West Bengal.
· His father Motilal Chattopadhyay
was an idler and dreamer who held irregular jobs. He could not finish novels
and stories that he had started writing, but passed on his imagination and love
of literature to Sarat Chandra. He, wife Bhuvanmohini, and their five children
lived for many years in his father-in-law Kedarnath Gangopadhyay's house
in Bhagalpur, Bihar.
·
Sarat Chandra was a daring, adventure-loving boy. Most of his
schooling was in informal village schools called pathshalas. He was a good
student and got a double promotion that enabled him to skip a grade. He
passed his Entrance Examination (public examination at the end of Class X) but
could not take his F.A. (First Arts) examination or attend college due to lack
of funds.
·
Sarat Chandra started writing in his early teens. After
finishing his formal studies, he spent much of his time interacting with
friends, acting in plays, and in playing sports and games. Several of his
famous novels and stories were written during this period.
·
In 1893, Sarat Chandra moved to Burma. He got a temporary job in Burma Railway's audit office and
later worked for many years in Burma's public works accounts office. While
living in Rangoon, he married his first wife Shanti. He was deeply hurt when
his wife and one-year-old son died from plague. He married his second wife
Mokshada (later renamed Hironmoyee) also in Rangoon and taught her to read and
write. She outlived him by 23 years.
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Career
·
After
returning from Burma, Chattopadhyay stayed for 11 years in Baje Shibpur,
Howrah. Then he made a house in the village of Samtabere. He spent the later
years of his life as a novelist in Samtabere and in another house in Kolkata.
His house in Samtaber is often called as Sarat Chandra Kuthi in
the map of Samtaber or Samta, in the Howrah
district of West Bengal.
·
The
two storied Burmese style house was also home to Sarat Chandra's brother, Swami
Vedananda, who was a disciple of Belur Math. His and his brother's samadhi can
still be seen there. The trees like that of bamboo, galoncho and
the guava trees planted by the renowned author are still tourist attractions.
·
Phenomenal popularity of Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay has been
attested by some of the most prominent writers as well as literary critics
across India in their writings. Most of the authors in Assam and Odisha, at least before the Independence, read him admiringly
in original Bengali; rest of India read him in translations in varying quality.
Publishers were never tired of reprinting his works; he remains the most
translated, most adapted, most plagiarized author.
Major
Works
· He has become a known literary
personality in Maharashtra in the rank of any popular Marathi writers including H. N. Apte, V. S. Khandekar, N. S.
Phadke and G. T. Madkholkar". Jainendra Kumar who considers his
contributions towards the creation and preservation of cultural India is
second, perhaps, only to that of Gandhi asks a rhetorical question summing up Sarat Chandra's
position and presumably the role of translation and inter-literary
relationship.
· His works have been made into
around fifty films in many Indian languages. Particularly, his novel Devdashas been made into sixteen versions, from Bengali, Hindi to
Telugu. Parineeta has also been made twice. Majhli Didi (1967) by Hrishikesh Mukherjee and Swami (1977) for which he was awarded Filmfare Award for Best Story are other adaptations.
Another famous film Chhoti Bahu (1971) is based on his novel Bindur
Chhele. His Novel 'Datta' was adapted into a Bengali film (1976)
starring Suchitra Sen and Soumitra Chatterjee in the lead roles.
· The other movies based on his
novel were Nishkriti, and Apne Paraye (1980) by Basu Chatterjee, starring Amol Palekar. The Telugu film Thodi Kodallu (1957) is also based on this novel. Gulzar's 1975 film, Khushboo is majorly inspired by his
work Pandit Mashay. The 1961 Telugu film Vagdanam by Acharya Atreyais loosely based on his novel Datta. Also the
2011 film Aalo Chhaya is based on his short story, Aalo
O Chhaya.
Personal
Life & Legacy
·
In 1916, Sarat Chandra moved backed to India and settled
in Howrah, near Kolkata. It is during this time that he improved
his Sanskrit skills from "Kabyasri" Kishorimohan Mukherjee. He
devoted himself to writing and established himself as one of India's major
novelist and story writer. He was involved in India's freedom struggle and
served as the president of Howrah district branch of Indian National Congress
(1921-1936). University of Calcutta awarded him the prestigious
Jagattarini medal. University of Dacca awarded him an honorary
doctorate (D.Litt.). On 2 Magh 1344 or 16 January 1938 he died, from
cancer of the liver.
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